Ancient Greece
Greek civilization began on the Mediterranean island of Crete about a thousand years after the Egyptian civilization emerged; but unlike Egypt, Greek civilization was oriented to the sea . Athens, named after Athena, the goddess of wisdom, was the intellectual center of Greece. It was one of the first city-states of its time, and is still world renowned as one of the most famous cities in the world . The ancient Greeks, mainly the Athenians, were a unique people. They believed that individuals should be free as long as they acted within the laws of Greece; this allowed them the opportunity to excel in any direction they chose. Individuality, as the Greeks viewed it, was the basis of their society. The ability to strive for excellence, no matter what the challenge, was what the Athenians so dearly believed in . This strive for excellence was the method from which they achieved such phenomenal accomplishments that still astound us to this day. Although many of them strove to become soldiers or athletes, others ventured into philosophy, science, drama, pottery and the arts. The two most important concepts that the ancient Greeks followed were found inscribed on the great shrine of Delphi, which read "Nothing in excess" and "Know thys
The Ancient Greeks especially contributed many things to the scientific world, from agriculture to astronomy. Ancient Greeks had enormous curiosity and developed many ideas we use today in science, mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. Greek science is said to have begun in 585 B.C . Many cultures have had innovative scientific developments and traditions of scientific thought but Greek science has withstood time's tempests because of its strong foundations in mathematics, measurement, astronomy, and medicine . Greek science had its beginnings with mathematics, which was widely studied and taught in ancient Greece. Thales, one of the first mathematicians, discovered five geometric theorems and improved navigation. Archimedes and Pythagoras are considered to be the greatest Greek mathematicians. Archimedes was an early writer on the science of mechanics who worked out the area of a circle, and discovered that an object weighs less in water than outside of water. Pythagoras studied the patterns of numbers, worked out many different mathematical principles, and most notably, his discoveries concerning right angled triangles . Geometry played a large role in the development of Greek architecture, and was applied widely. Physics were used to construct buildings, as well as in war. Levers made moving large stones feasible. For war purposes, catapults were constructed to throw stones at the enemy . Earth science also has its history dating back to ancient Greek philosophers, who proposed many theories to explain the origin of the earth . The ancient Greeks made significant advances in the field of astronomy and in the measurement of time. Aristarchus formulated the view that the sun was the center of the universe, and that the earth traveled around the sun. Greek astronomers calculated the length of the solar year to be 365 days, 5 hours, 55 minutes, and 12 seconds, only 6 minutes and 26 seconds longer than the true length. The astronomer Hipparchus calculated that the moon took 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, and 2.5 seconds to travel around the earth; he was less than a second off . The Greeks also developed astronomy where they were able to anticipate the day when certain planets would be visible to people on earth, and even where they would appear in the sky; this is known in today's terms as astronomy of position . The Greeks also came up with theoretical science. The ancient Greeks began asking questio
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Approximate Word count = 1629
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page double spaced)
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