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Climatic hazards prediction and prevention

"Hazard prediction and prevention is the key to lifting the threat off climatic hazards". Discuss this statement with reference to case studies.

Climatic hazards are a result of cyclonic activity.

A tropical cyclone is a system of intense low pressure known locally as hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones. They develop:

 Between latitudes 5 degrees and 20 degrees north or south of the equator.

This knowledge helps the areas at risk prepare for the possibility of a tropical cyclone.

A hurricane is a tropical cyclone, which generally forms in the Atlantic and is accompanied by thunderstorms and a counterclockwise circulation of winds. Hurricanes are strong winds that exert a pressure of at least 70kg/m . The wind speed causes both pressure and suction forces. Pressure increases with wind speed. This pressure is worsened by wind gustiness, which can cause fatigue in building materials that would withstand steady stress.

Diagram of a hurricane/ tropical cyclone.

 Storm surges - which can increase the mean water level 15ft or more.

 Inland flooding - responsible for half the death


All buildings in a Tornado area should build/identify a safe-room, to where people retreat during a tropical cyclone.

 Suprisingly, a large percentage of the islanders survived by hiding in caves.

Prevention of climatic hazards is very difficult and relies on technology, but the majority of places that need these prevention techniques are poor, so cannot provide them.

When all the results add up to a hurricane, being prepared comes in useful. Building design can reduce wind damage. All buildings should be built to withstand winds with a high resonance frequency.

1.The El Niņo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) - warm water in the western Pacific Ocean moves east. It alters global wind patterns and modifies many weather elements, therefore reducing hurricane activity. La Niņa occurs when the waters cool to below average temperatures. These years are associated with weaker than average Atlantic wind and enhanced Atlantic hurricane activity



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Approximate Word count = 2021
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page double spaced)


  

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