Series of victories wins back for France almost all the previous English gains. End of Hundred Years' War.

Mercenary leader, Francesco Sforza, seizes power in Milan.

Byzantine Empire conquered by the Turks. The capture of Constantinople by Turks leads to large numbers of teachers, scholars, and books coming to Italy.

Long civil wars - Wars of the Roses - devastate England. Final victory of Henry IV founds Tudor dynasty. Barons stripped of much of their power. Medieval period ends.

Lorenzo de' Medici ("the Magnificent") rules Floren

The Inquisition is set up in Spain to persecute Jews, Muslims, and heretics.

Milan becomes a Spanish possession.

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Approximate Word count = 503
Approximate Pages = 2 (250 words per page double spaced)