Special Education
Millions of children in our nation are identified as being "children with disabilities". Prior to the 1970s, millions of children with disabilities received inadequate or inappropriate special education services from the public schools and another 1 million children were excluded from school altogether. Many states had laws that specifically excluded certain children, such as those who were deaf or blind, those with emotional or behavioral problems, and those who were "feeble-minded". Only after Public Law 94-142 became effective in 1978 and, in several states, after Federal and State court cases, did 'education for all' policies become a fact. Public Law 94-142 required that all students with disabilities receive Free and Public Education (FAPE) and provided a funding mechanism to help defray the costs of special education programs. Public Law 94-142 later was amended into the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), whose main goal has always been to ensure that children with disabilities are not excluded from school. (3) IDEA defines children with disabilities as having any of the following types of disabilities: autism, deaf, deaf-blindness, hearing impairments (includi
The Alliance project provides technical assistance for establishing, developing, and coordination of parent centers, offers technology resources and information to lead parent centers in the new millennium, and informs parent centers about IDEA and other laws that affect families of children with disabilities. It also works on building leadership among families and advocates to help them secure services and opportunities for children and young adults with disabilities and promotes cultural diversity and cultural competency. This assistance helps parents to participate more effectively with professionals in meeting the educational needs of children and youth with disabilities. Recent years, however, have seen an increasing concern regarding the quality of outcomes for those students served under IDEA. These growing concerns, along with provisions contained in the 1997 reauthorization of IDEA, have insured that students with disabilities will not be left out of the national debate regarding accountability for educational outcomes. The 1997 reauthorization responded to concerns regarding the quality of services provided to special education students by including elements that addressed access to the general education curriculum along with accountability and public reporting of outcomes. While keeping in place original requirements that assured handicapped students access to a 'free appropriate public education,' the reauthorization added requirements designed to address the quality of outcomes for these students. These requirements mandate the inclusion of students with disabilities in general state and district-wide assessments for those students who are not able to partic
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Approximate Word count = 1140
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page double spaced)
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