When he was young, Caesar lived through one of the worst decades in the history of Rome. The city was assaulted and captured by Roman armies twice. First, in eighty-seven BC by the leaders of the populares. (Caesar's aunt and uncle, Marius and Cinna.) Cinna was killed the year that Caesar married Cornelia. The second attack against the city happened in eighty-two BC. Marius' enemy Sulla, leader of the optimates, carried out the attack. On each occasion the massacre of political opponents was followed by the confiscation o

Before leaving Rome to govern Spain for a year, Caesar divorced his wife because of an allegation that she had been involved in the offense of Publis Clodius. Clodius was awaiting trial for breaking into Caesar's home the previous December. While on his trip to Spain, Caesar was very successful. He returned in a short time with considerable military glory and enough money to pay off all his debts. (Abbott, p.64)

Caesar had control of three provinces for five years. They were Cisalpine Gaul, Transalpine Gaul, and Illyria. Caesar became determined to conquer and rule the entirety of Gaul. After his defeat of the Belgic tribes in the north, and the submission of the maritime tribes on the Atlantic seaboard, he believed he had conquered the entire area of Gaul. Caesar then decided to make two expeditions, one across the Rhine and the second across the Straits of Dover to Britain. While in Britain, he received the submission of the supreme commander of the southeast Britons, Cassivellaunus. (Grant, p.55)

A short while after his trip, Caesar was elected for consul in fifty-nine BC. He joined a political alliance with Pompey and Crassus. This alliance was named the first triumvirate. Pompey possessed a great influence through his splendid abilities and military renown. Crassus was powerful through his wealth. Caesar developed a plan to reconcile them, and then of favoring himself with their united aid in accomplishing his own deeds. (Abbott, p.71)

A group of conspirators believed that Julius Caesar had become too powerful. They felt that if he became the king of Rome he would turn corrupt and use his power to create a bad society. Marcus Brutus, Caesar's "best friend" and Cassius, led a group of members in a conspiracy to kill Caesar. On the Ides of March he was stabbed to death at a meeting of the senate. He fell at the feet of Pompey's statue, as if his death were a sacrifice offered to satisfy his enemy's revenge. Three of Caesar's slaves circled his dead body. They counted twenty-seven stab wounds on Caesar's body, and only one wound was found to be fatal. Mark Antony prepared a notable funeral ceremony and gave a memorable speech. After the ceremony, Caesar's body was burned. A few months later a second triumvirate was formed. It consisted of Mark Antony, Octavian, and Marcus Lepidus. First the grou

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