The Brightest Explosions in the Universe
Gamma-rays have the smallest wavelengths and the most energy of any other wave in the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are generated by radioactive atoms and in nuclear explosions. Gamma-rays travel to us across vast distances of the universe, only to be absorbed by the Earth's atmosphere. Different wavelengths of light penetrate the Earth's atmosphere to different depths. Instruments aboard high-altitude balloons and satellites like the Compton Observatory provide our only view of the gamma-ray sky. Gamma rays are the most energetic form of light and are produced by the hottest regions of the universe. They are also produced by such violent events as supernova explosions or the destruction of atoms, and by less dramatic events, such as the decay of radioactive material in space. Things like supernova explosions (the way massive stars die), neutron stars and pulsars, and black holes are all sources of celestial gamma rays. Gamma ray bursts of GRB fall into one of two categories. Less than two seconds: short, and longer than two seconds: long. They occur isotropically, they are spread evenly over the entire sky. This contradicts the existing per
Two families of models explain what generates the energy to begin with. The first referred to as hypernovae or collapsars, involves stars born with masses greater than about 20 to 30 times that of our sun. Simulations show that the central core of such a star eventually collapses to form a fast rotating black hole with material around it. Shock waves within his material exude radiation. The second invokes double systems that consist of two compressed objects, such as a couple of neutron stars or a neutron star paired with a black hole. The two objects spiral toward each other and merge into one. Stars live in a main-sequence evolutionary phase. As the hydrogen in its core runs out it contracts and fuses heavier elements. Evolves into a giant, if the mass is at least eight times that of our sun it fuses heavier elements until it produces iron that uses up energy. The result of no useful fuel is a sudden catastrophic collapse. The core turns into a neutron star. The remainder is ejected into space in a powerful supernovae explosion. Stars with masses more than 20 solar masses may be destined to become black holes providing a natural explanation for gamma-ray bursts that are later observed by groups like that of the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE)
Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 869
Approximate Pages = 3 (250 words per page double spaced)
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