In 1960 some 50,000 students, both African American and white, were involved in sit-in protests. The leaders of these sit-ins later founded the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee or the SNCC. The students in these protests were tested by white students. Onlookers taunted the demonstrators and dumped food and drinks on them. When the white mob became physical the local authorities gave little assistance. Despite such thing the students were still committed and the tactics proved to be effective.

The success of the student sit-ins help to start the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). In December 1960 the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in bus stations was illegal. The CORE leaders planned to send Freedom Riders on bus trips through the South. By doing this they hoped to draw attention to violations of the Supreme Court ruling. When the Freedom riders ent

After the assassination of President Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson who strongly supported passage of a civil rights bill came into office. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned discrimination in employment and in public accommodations. The act also gave the Justice Department the power to bring lawsuits to enforce school desegregation.

In addition to conducting voter registration drives, COFO leaders also worked to place African Americans on Mississippi's delegation to the Democratic National Convention. When the state party convention rejected all African American candidates, COFO help create the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP). The MFPD requested that the black Mississippians had been prevented form voting. President Johnson worked behind the scenes to grant the MFPD recognition without making official delegations. Johnson's actions led many activists to conclude that he and the Democratic Party could no longer be trusted.

In 1962 the NAACP, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, obtained a court order. It required the University of Mississippi to admit James Meredith. When word got out that Meredith was on campus a riot broke out killing 2 and injuring 375. The next day Meredith registered and attended classes the rest of the year with the protection of armed guards. Civil rights activist considered this as a great success. In other places movement for civil rights still faced strong opposition.

I events in Birmingham forced President Kennedy to take a stand on civil rights. In the summer on 1963, Kennedy asked Congress "to enact legislation giving all Americans the right to be served in facilities which are open to the public." To build support for the civil rights movement, African American leaders organized a huge march on Washington D.C. The director of the march was A. Philip Randolph. He testified to the long struggle for civil rights when he opened the ceremonies. Martin

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