The pre-Columbian Indian civilizations consisted of the Mayas, Toltecs, Astecs, Incas, and other Indians. Remnants of stone choppers and scrapers that were discovered suggest that the Indians used these items for spears and arrows. (Tindall, pg. 7) The Indians were not domesticated, they used their hunting skills to kill their prey and bring it home to their families. As the Indians began to settle in more permanent or semi permanent villages, they began to invent more domesticated items such as fiber snares, basketry, mills for grounding nuts, and domesticated the dog and turkey. (Tindall, pg. 7) The Indians began to consume more plant foods that became the staples of the New World: chiefly maize, which is Indian corn, squash, chili peppers, avocados, and pumpkins. (Tindall, pg. 7) Present day America should give credit to the Native Americans for harvesting these foods, because these foods are in our diets. Long before Columbus arri

2. Compare and contrast the Joint Stock and the Proprietary forms for organizing a colony. Why were some successful and why did some fail early. Why would you use one versus the other? Where did they use the various forms? What eventually happened to both? Did they have any legacy for the future? What about the Royal Colony? How did this come about? Provide examples of each of the above and who were the organizers.

The Joint Stock was a corporation introduced by Great Britain. (notes, 1/22) Entrepreneurs and adventurers were constantly being replenished by the younger sons because they had been cut off from the estate because the oldest son inherited it by law. (Tindall, pg. 49) Stockholders shared the risks and profits, sometimes for a single venture but more and more on a permanent basis. (Tindall, pg. 49) In the late 1500s some of the larger companies managed to get royal charters that entitled them to monopolies in certain areas and even governmental powers in their outposts. (Tindall, pg. 49) The formation of the Joint Stock companies spurred commercial expansion. The British were coming to the New World for money, they were poor and wanted to achieve success. (notes, 1/22) The British that settled in Virginia were settling there for money, but they were settling in Massachusetts for religion. (notes, 1/22) The British that settled in Massachusetts for religion ended up making money and pushing religion to the side. (notes, 1/22) The Joint Stock Company ended up fading out by 1640. (notes, 1/24) Proprietors were people who settled areas intending only on making money. The London Company was proprietors who were individuals who were trying to raise money. (notes, 1/22) They were people who sold land or paid rent, or leased land and rented it out. (notes, 1/29) William Penn, who was a Quaker, was given Pennsylvania in 1681. (notes, 1/29) Penn sets up Philadelphia, attracting 25,000 people by 1790. He also set up a legislature and gave everyone 5 acres of land. (notes, 1/29) The whole intend on giving each person 5 acres of land was to obtain more money. If everyone paid rent and farmed th

Some common words found in the essay are:
Native Americans, Royal Colonies, Joint Stock, Indians Remnants, Due European, Quaker Pennsylvania, Europeans Indians, Naturalization Act, London Company, tindall pg, notes 1/29, Stock Proprietary, native americans, notes 1/22, joint stock, tindall pg 49, royal colonies, 5 acres, pg 49, pg 7, tindall pg 7, carolinas notes 1/29, 79 europeans, joint stock proprietary, religion notes 1/22,
Approximate Word count = 1440
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page double spaced)