to change the genetic makeup of cells and move genes across species

boundaries to produce new organisms. This essay discusses what genetic engineering is as well as talks about certain techniques used for genetic engineering. Also talks about the advantages and disadvantages.

The techniques involve highly sophisticated manipulations of genetic material and other biologically important chemicals. Such a transfer of genetic material is made possible through the use of so-called restriction enzymes. These enzymes, produced by various species of bacteria, are each capable of recognizing a particular sequence of the chain of chemical units, called nucleotide bases, that make up the DNA molecule, and of breaking the chain where the sequence occurs. Fragments of DNA produced by the same restriction enzyme tend to join together, and these linkages can be made permanent. Thus, if the DNA strands of two organisms are treated with the same restriction enzyme, they subsequently can be combined to form a hybrid DNA molecule. If this molecule can be incorporated into a cell, an organism can be produced that has characteristics of both parent organisms.

and viruses. The reason is that the process works in a very small proportion

Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 2164
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page double spaced)