The Congress of Vienna, 1815.
The Congress of Vienna, in 1815, faced and tried to overcome a lot of difficulties rose from the war enterprises of Napoleon across Europe but principally, the delegates found themselves in front of new ideas born form Enlightenment and from the French Revolution. These ideas were basically freedom, equality, democratic and republican thought, liberalism and socialism, through the writings of the Utopians such as More or Campanella and Babeuf.France's delegate, Talleyrand, was able to show his country as a victim of Napoleon's despotism and he could set a limit to the penalties: a strong tag, an army of occupation directly on the French territory, the loss of Alsace-Lorraine in favor of the German Confederation and the prohibition of creating an army. Talleyrand was successful to preserve France's dignity and to place it among the other great Powers of Europe. The most important author of the new European structure was the Austria Chancellor, Klemens von Metternich, supporter of the monarchical idea and of the pre-revolutionary nationalism who was also acting president of the Congress. He believed in the legitimism and in the traditionalism, the first connected to the idea of monarchy given from divine right and the second w
The Congress of Vienna developed around five main points: the balance of power, a situation where the five great Powers had to be equivalent in power in order to avoid new wars; the restoration of the pre-revolutionary European monarchies, first of all the Bourbon family in France and their legitimization as divine, imperishable and absolute. Russia, an another great Power with a strong monarchical tradition, was represented directly by the Tsar Alexander I who obtained important territories such as a big part of the Reign of Poland while Britain, maybe in the early XIX century the most powerful state but with the most problems of internal stability was represented by Lord Castlereagh who obtained few colony, previously belonged to France. The fact that the Congress of Vienna was conducted with the aim of preventing universal war, which led to proposals of creating a balance of power, establishing "better" conservative governments, containing France and cooperation between the great powers to meet these ends clearly demonstrates that the welfare of all of Europe was a relevant concern but the balance created was not stable and the new ideas born in the second half of the XVIII century were no
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Approximate Word count = 810
Approximate Pages = 3 (250 words per page double spaced)
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