Sigmund Freud, Austrian neurologist, also founder of psychoanalysis, may be called the most influential intellectual legislator of his age. Psychoanalysis is a high influential method of treating mental disorders, shaped by psychoanalytic theory, which emphasizes unconscious mental processes and is sometimes described as "depth psychology." His creation of psychoanalysis was at one time a theory of the human psyche, a therapy for the relief of its ills, and an optic for the interpretation of culture and society.

The psychoanalytic movement originated in the clinical observations and formulations of

Most of his patients talk freely without being under hypnosis, Freud evolved the technique of free association of ideas. The patient was encouraged to say anything that came to mind, without regard to its assumed relevancy. Freud concluded that certain painful experiences were repressed, or held back from conscious awareness. Freud noted patients frequently repressing concerns with disturbing sexual experiences. He hypothesized that anxiety was a consequence of the repressed energy (libido) attached to sexuality; the repressed energy found expression in various symptoms that served as psychology defense mechanism. Freud and followers later extended the concept of anxiety to include feelings of fear, guilt, and shame consequent to fantasies of aggression and hostility and to fear of loneliness caused by separation from a person on whom the sufferer is dependent.

Later developments included work on the technique and theory of psychoanalysis of children. Freud's tripartite division of the mind into id, ego and superego became progressively more elaborate, and problems of anxiety and female sexuality received increasing attention. Psychoanalysis also found many extraclincal applications in other areas of social thought, particularly anthropology and sociology, and in literature and the arts.

Id in Freudian psychoanalytic theory, the oldest of the psychic realms in development, it contains the psychic content related to the primitive instincts of the body, notably sex and aggression, as well as psychic material that is inherited and present at birth. The id (Latin for "it") is oblivious of the external world and unaware of the passage time. Devoid of organization, knowing neither logic nor reason, it has the ability to harbor acutely conflicting or mutually contradictory impulses side by side. It functions entirely on the pleasure-pain principle, its impulses either seeking immediate fulfillment or settling for a compromise fulfillment. The supplies the energy fo

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