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Andrew Jackson

Andrew Jackson was a very provocative man for his times. He had many radical ideas for his times. This and other reasons are why he became the Seventh President of the United States, Andrew Jackson. During his presidency, things focused on will be both the highs and the lows of his two terms in office, from 1829-1837. Some of the issues that are focused upon on are states' rights, nullification, the tariff, the spoils system, Indian removal and banking policies; these controversies brought forth-strong rivalry over his years of president. He was known for his iron will and fiery personality, and strong use of the powers of his office that made his years of presidency to be known as the "Age of Jackson."

Andrew Jackson was born in Waxhaw Settlement, South Carolina on March 15, 1767. His parents Andrew Jackson (father) and Elizabeth Hutchington (mother) had three children together. They were Hugh Jackson, Andrew Jackson, and another Robert Jackson. In Jackson's childhood, he had a bad reputation because he had a quick temper. He grew up with people who were ready to fight at any time to defend their honor. He later became known to do the same for himself. Whenever a boy play


States rights played an important part in Jackson's policies as president.

Jackson did not make the Second Bank of the United States into an issue of his election in 1828. However he decided the bank, which is not a government bank, but chartered by it in 1826, had failed to provide a stable currency, and had favored the Northern states, and few loans were granted to the southern and western areas because they were a larger risk and the bank didn't see it in it's interest to make such a gamble with it's money. In Jackson's mind the bank was in violation on the Constitution. His was in violation of the Supreme Court ruling of McCulloch vs. Maryland. This was a very bold thing that Jackson did. Also though the bank's charter wasn't due to expire until 1836, Jackson's political enemies pushed a bill through congress granting the banks re-charter, Jackson vetoed the bill. The "Bank" issue was a major item in his re-election in 1832. In his second term Jackson decided to remove federal deposits from the bank into "pet banks" which virtually took away the power Nicholas Biddle's power as president of the Second National Bank, which left him and anti-Jackson people very upset with what they called the abuse of his powers. Biddle was also left as a poor man on the streets from these transitions of funds. The increase in loans from the state chartered caused a land boom and gave the federal government a surplus (which it split up amongst the states). The increase in loans brought on the use of paper currency that was issued by the state banks, Jackson prohibited the use of paper money to by federal land or pay federal debts. This demand for coins called specie led to many bank failures in the Panic of 1837. Jackson did not knew what he got himself into when he did this, and could have handled the situation a little better. However, not all the blame should fall on his shoulders, because it wasn't his fault the private state-chartered banks issued the paper money when they didn't have the specie to back it up.

In the case of the Cherokee Indians vs. The State of Georgia, two Supreme Court decisions in 1831 and 1832 upholding the rights of the Cherokee nation over the State of Georgia who had wanted to destroy Cherokee jurisdiction on it's land. This was because gold had been found on it, and the state seeing the Indians as tenants on state land decided to "kick them out". Some of the Cherokees even had slaves and should be considered as almost citizens of that state. Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that Georgia had no jurisdiction to interfere with the rights of the Cherokee and removal of them would violate treaties between them and the U.S. Government. However, Jackson, not liking these decisions was reported of saying, "John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it." It seems to me like a slap in Justice Marshall's face that Jackson was and always will be an Indian fighter. He just liked pushing around the Indians because he was a ardent supporter of the U.S. army and he knew that whatever resistance they had was no match for the U.S. army. To emphasize his point, in 1838 (one year after Jackson left office), a unit of federal troops rounded up the 15,000 Cherokee who resisted relocation and remained in Georgia. They did this during the cold and rain of winter and forced them to march to their lands in the west, this was known as the "Trail of Tears" since about 25% of the people died in route of either disease, starvation, and exposure to the cold. Proved how Jackson had no respect for the Indians. Even though Ja

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Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page double spaced)


  

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