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Antigone Versus Socrates in the Crito

Sophocles' play "Antigone" illustrates the conflict between obeying human and divine law. The play opens after Oedipus' two sons Eteocles and Polyneices have killed each other in a civil war for the throne of Thebes. Oedipus' brother in law Creon then assumes the throne. He dictates that Eteocles shall receive a state funeral and honors, while Polyneices shall be left in the streets to rot away. Creon believes that Polyneices' body shall be condemned to this because of his civil disobedience and treachery against the city. Polyneices' sister, Antigone, upon hearing this exclaims that an improper burial for Polyneices would be an insult to the Gods. She vows that Polyneices' body will be buried, and Creon declares that anyone who interferes with his body shall be punished. This is where the conflict begins. Thus the theme of this play becomes the priority of unwritten law. The question is whether duties to the gods are more essential then obedience of the state and law. Creon calls the rotting of Polyneices' body an "obscenity" because he believes that burial of the dead is a necessity of human law and not of a citizen. . There is no compromise between the two - both believe in the absolute truth of their obedience.


In contrast, the basic elements of their arguments are different. Antigone believes and upholds her belief in the gods and disobeys the order of the state. Socrates, instead, feels that disobeying the order of the state would in fact disobey the gods. He believes that because he has been raised by the state, civil disobedience would impede his path to goodness, which is what the gods ultimately want their subjects to strive for.

Both Antigone's and Socrates' argument discuss and uphold moral goodness in the eyes of the gods. However, while Socrates' takes in account both sides of the argument in the "Crito" and "Apology," Antigone's argument has some flaws. From the Greek point of view both Creon's and Antigone's views are flawed because they both over-simplify ethical life by recognizing only one "good" or duty. By oversimplifying, each denies that fact that there should be any deliberation at all, and this is a factor in Antigone's failure to convince Creon. Antigone's pride causes her to be blind in considering both truths. Antigone's argument is also hypocritical. Antigone attacks Creon's edicts on the grounds that his interpretation of justice and the will of the gods are wrong. She may be correct in this assessment, but in saying so she assumes the power that she can interpret justice and Zeus' will, just as Creon did. Her accusations are wild and reckless, and she seems to be trying to seize the glory in her "heroic" actions. Socrates, on the other hand, concedes both sides of the argument, but explains his reasoning well for choosing to obey the will of the state. As was argued, since the god commands the practice of philosophy and the pursuit of justice, to obey the god is to obey one's own reasoned conclusion about the just. To obey a human superior, by contrast, is to follow the orders of the expert. Socrates does not, despite appearances, advocate "following orders" -- even when the orders are legal; he believes one ought to follow orders only if they are in one's judgment, just. He therefore declares that throughout his life he had been the sort of man who never conceded anything to anyone contrary to the just. He will not obey Crito, instead he obeys nothing of his own but the logos that seems best to him upon reasoning. Yet he insists, in the Crito as in the Apology, that when there is an expert, the expert must be obeyed. Thus Socrates in the Crito recognizes the validity of, exercising one's own moral judgment when it results from careful reasoning from philosophy -- as well as following the opinion of the expert or governmen

Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 1730
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page double spaced)


  

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