The articles that are presented below explore adverse techniques of criticizing literary works. These critiques will be broken down to identify what technique of criticism is being used and what aspects correspond with the guidelines of that specific criticism. The criticisms identified below are psychoanalytic, cultural, and formalism criticisms.

Society and Conscience in Huckleberry Finn:

This article explores the depths of Huck's unconscious acting on the influence of his super ego. Levy examines the realms of the river signifying freedom and the banks symbolizing societal conformity and bondage, which Huck is reluctant to submit to. Also, this criticism fixes Pap as a symbol of natures depravity being conformed by community itself, which is the reason for a major part of Huck's scorn. Without the influential parental figure Huck resorts to establishing a relationship with Jim to compensate for his fathers incapabilities. Huck's relationship with Jim is, in this criticism, a result of his father having a lack of influence in his life, and Jim in a way replaces that kinship. Their relationship is shaped also by their lack of freedom and their struggle to obt

The use of text and language is essential to this criticism. For instance, Cox makes the assumption that Huck's decision to run away commits him, not against society, but to Jim. Cox conjured this opinion from the text when Huck says, "Git up and hump yourself, Jim! There ain't a minute to lose. They're after us!" At this point the commitment is perhaps unconscious because "they" were not after "us"-they are after Jim. Huck's flight with Jim is deeply ironic from the start. For example, the boy that many presume to be dead travels with the man that allegedly murdered him. Huck is committed to Jim and continues this commitment, whether unconscious or not, till the end of the novel. A formalist critic derives his or her own interpretation out of the language, the text, and the context of the text, which is evident from above.

Lastly, formalist critics pay extreme attention to detail, meaning they look to the text and the structure to create the story for them. They believe that literary works should be seen as art. The task of art is to give back awareness of things that have become habitual objects of everyday awareness. They define the purpose of art as a change of a mode of perception from automatic and practical too artistic. Or in other words one should be able to feel a difference when in contact with a work of art. Also, formalists believe that literary devices change the value and meaning with time and context. This was exemplified about with the use of irony and how it was distinctive and somewhat disguised.

This article examines the language that is used by the author to come to a conclusion as to whether Huck is black. Fishkin states,

atements the irony would be lost. For example, Twain intent here seems clearly humorous when Huck uses the word "steal" rather than "free" and his equating Jim with watermelons and Sunday-school books reflect not only Huck's character but also the novel's ironic tone. This ironic tone is maintained throughout the novel because Huck and Jim never had a genuine goal, nor has Huck acted with any consistency, otherwise the novel's irony would have dissipated. Yet another irony is that both Huck and Jim are guilty or some of the sins that they witness in others. Examples of these sins are that Huck accepts slavery and he lies and steals. Where as, Jim behavior parallels Huck's in that he hides that fact that Pap has died, which would free Huck and would terminate the escape with Jim. These are some of the structural aspects that formalist critics identify when reading and analyzing literary works such as this.

Language is also a big part of this criticism. Twain tends to speak through Huck at times, which is more evident when Huck is portrayed as an immature child is. Although, throughout his journey Huck matures and Twain's voice is not as recognizable as earlier on in the novel. An example of Twain's tendency to speak through his character becomes apparent during the church scene when the minister is preaching about 'brotherly love' and Huck remarks pointedly, "If you notice, most folks don't go to church only when they've got to; but a hog is different." This comment reflects Twain himself commenting on the 'damned human race'. Twain definitely utilizes authorial intent throughout his novel. Many readers describe this novel as racist, but if you really examine the language Twain is not a racist at all. He created a strong bond between Huck and Jim, which could have been crushed if Huck would have turned Jim in.

Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 3022
Approximate Pages = 12 (250 words per page double spaced)