Crusades
Pope Urban II had called the Christians to join him in a Holy War to reclaim the Holy Lands as an act of Christianity, but there were many activities that took place that weren't characteristics of Christianity. The Crusades were a smokescreen for Pope's craving for power and control. The Crusades were the idea of Pope Urban II, a wise Frenchman. On November 18, 1095 AD, Pope Urban II opened the Council of Clermont. Nine days later, the Pope made a very important speech just outside the French city of Clermont-Ferrand. In his speech, he asked the people to help the Christians' effort to restore peace to the East. The Crusades had originally been to help the Churches in the East, but the now it was to reclaim the Holy Land, especially Jerusalem from the Muslims. Pope Urban II stayed in France until September 1096 in hopes of providing leadership for the First Crusaders. Urban had originally hoped for the crusading army to be composed of mostly knights and other warriors, but his speech had already began spreading throughout the west, and many people of different social classes started joining the crusading army. (Foss, Michael. pg. 23) Because of this Urban lost all control of the army, which led to the slaughter of Jews in norther
n France. These poor people also caused strain on the armies supplies and discipline. They were never trained and they were poor, so they couldn't bring anything and were poorly disciplined(Foss, Michael. pg. 24). The entire crusading army had planned on reaching the city of Constantinople, but because of their lack of supplies and training the vast majority of them were slaughtered before they got there. The few troops that did reach Constantinople split up into two groups. One group tried to capture Nicaea, a key city that blocked the road of their supply routes. This group was unsuccessful. The other group was attacked near the city of Civetot in October. The few survivors retreated to Constantinople and joined the second wave of Crusaders. (Phillips, Jonathan. pg. 59) Religious beliefs were a major motive of the crusaders. In Urban's speech to the people of Clermont-Ferrand, Urban guaranteed the complete forgiveness of all sins to any crusader that lost his life in the name of the Crusades. Urban also proclaimed "It is necessary that you bring to your brothers in the East the help so often promised and so urgently needed. They have been attacked, as many of you know, by Turks and Arabs... Churches have been destroyed and the countryside laid waste. If you do not make a stand against the enemy now, the tide of their advance will overwhelm many more faithful servants of God." (Phillips, Jonathan. pg. 43) In this way, Urban had convinced the knights and peasants who joined the Crusades that they were leading the way to crush the Muslims and reclaim the Holy Lands that had been stolen . The Crusaders justified their slaughtering to themselves and the world and often the battle cry that was heard was 'Deus lo Volt!', or "God Wills It".(Maaoulf, Amin. pg. 134) This reason is probably the most holy of reasons. It is understandable how the people were easily persuaded that this was a needed war, not just wanted, because their fellow Christians in the East were being slaughtered by the Turks and Muslims. For the most part, any Christian who desired residence in Jerusalem was met with great difficulty, and this in itself was a major factor for the knights and peasants to join the Crusade. On the same note, the popular ideas and cultural interest that linked the religious aspect to a Crusade motivated many poorer people to join the crusading army.
Some common words found in the essay are:
Normans French, War Looking, Foss Michael, Venice Pisa, Turks Byzantine, Holy Lands, Muslims Christian, Phillips Jonathan, Treece Henry, Crusaders Urban, crusading army, michael pg, holy war, pope urban, reclaim holy, urban ii, pope urban ii, jonathan pg, joining crusading army, joining crusading, urban's speech, holy lands, reclaim holy lands, join crusading army, phillips jonathan pg,
Approximate Word count = 1588
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page double spaced)
|
