Determinism
The modern philosopher in the quotation argues that Modern science is experimental because it uses the experiment to understand nature. According to him, this is true because nature can be explained by the cause-effect relationship. Modern science uses the experiment to prove events that are assumed to be true in advance. Before conducting the experiment we have assumptions or a theory in mind and we conduct experiment to prove them to be true. The theory itself, determines which experiment should be used and which results will be obtained. We get some results after experimenting, those results feed our theory. Based up on these theories we create new assumptions and from these assumptions a new theory is formed . Again to prove that newly formed theory we conduct experiments according to its own assumptions. Experiment turns into job of looking for answers to questions which come from the theory. Moreover those questions are dependent on assumptions. So we find ourselves in a circular reasoning when we are doing experiments. Here, experiment is done to confirm theory. There is no new innovation, we do experiment for finding out what's already there. Therefore, when the writer says "experiments are set up for th
Beside chaos theory Aristo's system also challenge the logic of determinism. According to Aristotle all beings are in motion toward something. To complete fulfillment they have the motion, potential inherent in them. So, inertia is an abstraction there is no initial pure level, all matters have form. We cannot think beings independently from time and space as determinists do. In addition to these he builds the system of causes; formal, efficient, final, material. However these causes are not universal and do not determine only one future. There is not only one outcome because there are many causes. They can conflict among each other so you cannot predict what sort of motion that being will follow. That means chance is allowed, there is no determined pattern in advance. After we analyzed the philosophy behind this logic we can see why this is a limitation to modern science in understanding of nature. In criticizing determinism, Prigogine says science is a form of communication between people and nature. Through time there has been intense fragmentation between field and humanities arose because of this and there is a split between science and human knowledge . Determinist see the world as a closed system in an unique order. However according to chaos theory there are subsystems under a system. Most of the system is not in a closed structure that they are open to external factors, so determinism is limitedly applicable. When those subsystems reach the boundaries of the main system there bifurcation exists. This situation disturbs the order, moreover we can not tell or predict what will happen after bifurcationpoint. Here chance a
Some common words found in the essay are:
, According Aristotle, cause effect, modern science, cause effect relation, chaos theory, effect relation, closed system, circular reasoning, limitation scientific description, scientific description nature, cause effect relationship, understanding nature, fundamental level, system closed, nature simple, limitation modern science,
Approximate Word count = 1112
Approximate Pages = 4 (250 words per page double spaced)
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