This unusual bird stands on short legs and walks with a clumsy waddle. These birds cannot fly which is how they got to be called Penguins, which means flightless. All species of penguins have short-bodies and necks. They also all have short thick feathers, which form a kind of waterproof coat. Most penguins' feathers have feathers that are just white on the stomach and are black and blue on the back. Some have patches of brightly colored feathers on their necks. Theses birds keep warm from the harsh Antarctic conditions by thick layers of fat on their bodies. Their wings developed into flippers, which serve as paddles to help propel them in the water. They also have webbed feet which when combined with the flippers make them excellent swimmers and divers.

The species are divided into four groups for easy identification.

There is hope that we can learn more scientific characteristics to help continue their extraordinary species. The specific identification system, breeding patterns and predators can help us aide in helping the existence of the species. There may never be a time when we will fully understand the impact penguins have on our lives, but the more we research the more we can learn to help them survive.

Even though penguins spend much of their life in the water, they lay eggs and raise their young on land. "For the later purpose they come ashore on islands on desolate coasts and hop, run, waddle or scramble over rocks, and even up hillsides to their breeding grounds or rookeries" (Alexander 147). All four species have a different type of breeding process. For example, the Emperor and Adelie penguin have similar, yet different types of breeding behavior. The Emperor females lay only in egg in June and then they get up to leave for the sea. It is then up to the males to do the rest. They pick up the egg and place them at their feet where it is then covered by a warm layer of skin. It is at this time that the male penguin looses half of their body weight. It is up to the females to collect food for themselves as well as the males. In contrast, the Adelie penguin breeds in a different in a different way. These penguins spend their winters packed in ice and in the spring, they follow the sun south towards other penguin colonies. They are similar to the Emperor penguin in that the female lays the egg, in this case two, in November and leave for the males to take the eggs and incubate them. The males rely on the females to get them food just as the male Emperor penguin does. If the female does not return, the males will leave the eggs for the predators.

All pengui

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Approximate Word count = 1203
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page double spaced)