In the nineteenth century, man believed in the perfectibility of mankind and in the real possibility of an ultimate utopia, a time when man could all live together in peace. However, the events of the twentieth century have weakened that belief. Both cold and hot wars have followed each other in succession. Revolutions and civil wars have taken place and totalitarianism has become a fact that can hardly be ignored. Therefore, the modern age has become a time in which more anti-utopias have been envisioned than ever before.

A lot of authors have expressed their views on utopia in their novels. Some have done it by creating their own perfect world, w

Voltaire's Candide was written in 1758. It's main philosophy was "There is no effect without a cause. All things are necessarily connected and arranged for the best." The main character, Candide, experiences a lot of tragedy in his life. However, throughout the whole novel, he remains optimistic about everything. His tutor, Dr. Pangloss has taught him that everything that happens is meant to be. At the end of the book, Dr. Pangloss says to Candide: "There is a chain of events in the best of all possible worlds; for if you had not been turned out of a beautiful mansion at the turn of a jackboot for the love of Lady Cunegonde, and if you had not been involved in the Inquisition, and had not wandered over America on foot, and had not struck the Baron with your sword, and lost all those sheep you brought from Eldorado, you would not be here eating candied fruit and pistachio nuts." No matter what happens in this book, Candide always finds a way to be happy. That's the ultimate utopia, to be happy no matter what happens to you.

The Republic by Plato was written sometime after 399BC. It a book with an idealistic view. Plato expresses some of his ideas on Aristocracy, Democracy and Dictatorship, philosophy and poetry, and in the conclusion, a discussion of immortality and the rewards of justice. The philosophical basis of Republic is that "The unexamined life is not worth living." Plato extended this beyond the individual to the state. His definition of justice and the use of it to cr

Some common words found in the essay are:
Civilization Philosophers, Democracy Dictatorship, Animal Farm, Lady Cunegonde, Voltaire's Candide, Vs Dystopia, Republic Plato, Pangloss Candide, George Orwell, Soviet Union, animal farm, twentieth century, dr pangloss, matter happens, ultimate utopia,
Approximate Word count = 1012
Approximate Pages = 4 (250 words per page double spaced)