The process by which these decorations were achieved is quite well understood. In some cases, though not all, draughtsmen laid out the representations using grids made by measuring rods and paint-covered strings snapped against the walls. The images and inscriptions were then applied in red paint outlines which were corrected as necessary in black. The care involved at this stage is seen in that sometimes errors in the texts from which the inscriptions were copied were noted and the term gem wesh, 'found defective' was written on the tomb wall. From the time of Horemheb on, carvers cut back the surrounding areas from around the representations before they were painted, or incised the individual hieroglyphs and figures depending on whether raised or sunk relief was chosen. The former, more costly, method was used throughout several of the 19th-dynas

In the next stage, painters carefully filled in the reliefs and their backgrounds, applying their pigments by reflected sunlight near the entrances, and by the light of oil lamps deeper within the tombs. No more than six colours were commonly used in the Valley of the Kings - black, red, blue, yellow, green and white - but these were occasionally blended to create gradations and variations of hue and tone. In the early burials it seems that the decoration was applied only when the excavation had been completed and before the actual internment. In later burials, because of their larger size and more extensive decoration, construction and painting of the tomb seem to have gone side by side. Even here, stonecutters and painters probably took turns working so as to avoid jams in the confined spaces and damage to the freshly painted surfaces from airborne dust. Towards the end of the valley's history, declining resources may sometimes have caused things to be done differently: the decoration of the tomb of Ramesses IX was evidently begun during the king's reign, but only completed later, after his death.

From the time of Ramesses II on, the solar disc of Re containing the god's morning and evening manifestations was placed above the entrance to the royal tombs. In this exterior position, the disc is invariably painted yellow, the colour of the daytime sun; whereas within the tomb the same image is painted red, indicating its evening and nighttime appearance if it follows the east-west progression of the tomb's axis. Just within the entrance to the royal tomb, Pharaoh is depicted greeting the sun god Re-Horakhty before the Litany of Re - now placed in the first and sometimes second corridors - which enumerated and pictured the many forms of the solar deity in his daily cycle.

ty tombs, but usually only in the entrances of later monuments.

The goddesses Isis and Nephthys, symbolically associated with the south and north respectively, were now shown flanking the sun disc above the tomb entrance and

Some common words found in the essay are:
, Ramesses IX, Ramesses II, Osiris Re, Valley Kings, Ramesses IV, Horemheb Osiris, Ramesses III, Tuthmosis III, Earth Underworld, royal tombs, burial chamber, tomb ramesses, sun god, lower reaches, 19th dynasty, path sun, 20th dynasty, 18th dynasty, journey sun,
Approximate Word count = 1355
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page double spaced)