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Crow Indians using ethnihistoric sources

Looking at the ethnohistoric sources of the Crow Indians can help construct the settlement and subsistence patterns of the prehistoric counterparts of the Crow.

According to one source, Joseph Medicine Crow's book From the Heart of the Crow Country, the reader is informed that when the Absarokee separated from the main tribe, believed to be the Hidatsa, they abandoned the ways of agriculture and went back to the nomadic ways of hunting and gathering. Because of the hunting they were always on the move and this lead to constant warfare with other tribes of the Plains and the mountains for prime locations (Medicine Crow 1992: 4).

As far as the social organization, the primary unit is the family, with the clan being the secondary unit. The clan is made up of distantly related families with membership based on matrilineal descent. This mens that a person belongs to his or her mother's clan, not the father's clan. Then as the tribe population increased, it divided into sub-tribes or bands for the convenience and travel. These bands were governed by band chiefs which were supported and advised by a body of other chieftains. These band chiefs managed the affairs of important ceremonies and maintenance of law and order. The tribe of


As far as hunting goes, the main prey was buffalo, deer, elk, bighorn sheep, and some small game. The main type of hunting was the buffalo drive or buffalo jump. According to Medicine Crow, there are four main types of jumps. The first one is called the Classic type, which is characterized by a V-shaped line of stones, leading to the edge of the cliff (Illustration 1). This type of hunt involved only a few men to less than a dozen men to drive the prey off the cliff (Medicine Crow 1992: 91-93). The second type of jump is referred to as the Intermediate type. This is characterized by one line of rocks on one side, while the other side is lined with a natural barrier (Illustration 2). For this type of drive, the medicine man had some kind of role for making the drive successful, and the entire camp population was involved, making this the communal hunt. A few fast runners drove the animals, while the others would make a "human fence" along the rock line to scare and herd the animals off the cliff (Medicine Crow 1992: 93-94). The third type is the Natural drive. This uses the natural formation of a cliff that is formed by a peninsula with a point (Illustration 3). These are camouflaged by nature and used spontaneously as a group of hunters find a herd near such laces. These were never planned hunts, and the hunters on hand at the right moment would execute the drive whether afoot or on horseback (Medicine Crow 1992: 95). The fourth type is the Combination (Illustration 4), which can consist of two to three adjoining and interrelated sites. These are arranged in such a layout that one, two, or all three could be simultaneously put into operation. These multi-jump sites could be any combination of the other three types of jump (Medicine Crow 1992: 95-96).

Lowie also confirms the matrilineal descent of the Crow. The children of a family too their mother's cla

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Approximate Word count = 1260
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page double spaced)


  

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