English Civil Wars
The eruption of the English Civil War in 1642 was the culminating result of political conflict coupled with nationalistic resentment of the English Crown and Parliament towards each other and the various powers each exercised. The English Revolution was initiated by King Charles I with the calling of Long Parliament and proceeded through two civil wars, the trial and execution of a king, the republican experiments of Oliver Cromwell, and eventually the restoration of King Charles II. While many events contributed to the English Revolution, it is fair to say that no one event is solely responsible for its existence. Though not entirely a spiritual conflict, the English revolution marks the first of the so-called great revolutions. Religion, while definitely making its presence felt prior to and during the English Civil War, is only one of many aspects that had a direct impact upon the creation and direction of the war. To some degree, the English Civil War seemed to reflect England's resentment toward its former Scottish Kings, James and Charles. This struggle for the constitution could be seen as either a conflict of ideologies, absolutism versus constitutionalism, or as a struggle for power between rival institutions, m
Charles rejected Parliament's conditions for his return to power. His livid rejection for their plan aggravated the divisions that constituted Parliament. Charles managed to escape to Scotland, later striking a deal with the Scottish, convincing them to become his allies. The Scots pledged to restore him to the throne if he promised to make Presbyterianism the official religion of both kingdoms. Carlin, Norah. The Causes of the English Civil War. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, UK, 1999. A Great task for the new government was to repel the Irish and Scottish rebellion. The Scottish rebellion began as a response to Charles' execution. The Scots denounced the king's execution and named his son, Charles II, as his successor. Cromwell and his army managed to subdue the Scots in the battles at Dunbar and Worcester. Ireland and Scotland would later annexed to become part of the English Commonwealth. The power to establish a permanent and settled government resided in Cromwell and the army. In 1653, Cromwell lost his patience with Parliament, subsequently dismissing them. Later, Cromwell accepted the instrument of Government, and a written constitution, which created a protectorate positioning himself as Lord Protector and establishing a one-house Parliament. The will of Cromwell and the force of the New Model Army held things together in England over the next few years. The second civil war took place in 1648, with Parliament and the army fighting against Scotland and the king. Oliver Cromwell and the Parliament Roundheads defeated the Scottish Army at the battle of Preston. The royalist opposition was soon completely repressed. The army was now firmly in control of England and it began to purge Parliament of its Presbyterian members. King Charles was captured and later tried for treason. Charles was found guilty of treason by Parliament and executed on January 30, 1649. After Charles' execution, Parliament abolished the monarchy and the House of Lords, and declared England to be a Commonwealth. Charles' death deeply affected the people of England and made the creation of a stable government more difficult. onarchy and parliament, competing for the position of ultimate authori
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Approximate Word count = 1495
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page double spaced)
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