On August 2,1939 Albert Einstein wrote a letter to the President of the United States of America warning him of the advancements that him and his fellow scientists were coming upon. In his letter he described the possibilities of what they were about to create. He described all of his thoughts to the president, about what great things their dream could be used for, and what horrible things it could bring in its development.

The first three physicists to create a nuclear chain reaction were Enrico Fermi, Italian-American; Leo Szilard, Hungarian; and Frederic Joliot-Curie, French. Enrico Fe

rmi was born in Rome on September 21, 1901. He contributed in the creation of the first controlled nuclear reaction. For his efforts he was awarded the 1938 Peace Prize. Being a skilled and intelligent man in his field of nuclear science, he was one of the many scientists selected to work on Loa Alamos, New Mexico on the American project to construct the first atomic bomb. Leo Szilard, born February 11, 1898 in Budapest. He encouraged and aided Albert Einstein to write the letter to FDR about the potential military use of atomic energy. Szilard also contributed to the creation of the first controlled nuclear reaction in 1939. Frederic Joliot-Curie, born in Paris France, March 19, 1900. He ended up sharing the 1935 Peace prize with Irene Joliot-Curie, his wife. They were given this prestigious award for their work in the field of chemistry. During World War 2, Frederic Joliot-Curie became part of the Communist party. In 1951 he was awarded the Stalin Peace Prize for his work in the field of chemistry. He Later died in 1958, only a few years later.

One kiloton is the equivalent to 1,000 tons of TNT and 1 megaton is the equivalent to 1,00,000 tons of TNT, only nuclear explosions are much destructive. In the explosion there must be enough Plutonium or Uranium to reach critical mass. Critical mass is the mass of fissile material that is great enough so that is can keep the chain reaction going to reach explosion point, with out dying out from lack of material. Fissile material is a substance capable of sustaining a fusion chain reaction. The larger amount of fissile material, the greater the explosion because it is able to accelerate faster and create a greater explosion.

The "Big Three", consisting of Franklin D. Roosevelt of the United States; Winston Churchill from England; and Joseph Stalin of Russia, met in February, from the 4th to the 11th in 1945. These three men were the presidents and rulers of the three largest superpowers in the world. They met at the Yalta Conference, which many historians cite as the beginning of the Cold War. On April 12, Franklin D. Roosevelt died and Harry S. Truman was sworn into office. A Lot of pressure was put onto the new Presidents shoulders as he was sworn in. On July 17, 1945 he spent his time at the Potsdam Conference in the suburbs of Berlin, talking with Churchill and Stalin until August 2. After the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, two days later Stalin declared was on Japan to push them to surrender. After Stalin moves his troops down on top of Japan, the rest of the allies pushed from the east and west, Japan's emperor Hirohito, broadcasted his surrender to the world. The war ends on August 15, 1945 with the final surrender.

The Cold War began in 1945. This was a war of information, Spy vs. Spy and only the one with the most knowledge and power would win. The war with Japan had ended 2 years earlier, America was just waiting and pushing Japan to surrender. The only reason the Japanese did not surrender earlier is they were in fear that their emperor, whom they saw as god, would be brought up on war charges, but they knew they could not win against America and her Allies, but they still tried and pushed on. A small feud had been brewing between Russia and Ameri

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Approximate Word count = 2207
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page double spaced)