Several treaties were established to resolve outstanding differences with European countries, which displayed the clear intention for isolation. Jay's Treaty of 1794 was made by John Jay, the chief justice at the time, to settle the conflict with the British after their assaults on American shipping. This treaty was very long and complex and also gave more to the British then had hoped. Jay's Treaty led to the signing of the Pinckney Treaty (1795), which was a settlement of America's important conflict with Spain. The Spanish feared a joint Anglo-American challenge to Spanish possessions in America and so were willingly ready to comply with U.S. terms. Under the treaty, Spain was to recognize the right of Americans to navigate the Mississippi and agree to fix the northern border of Florida where American's always wa

The United States made many unsuccessful efforts to maintain neutrality in European struggles. After a war was declared between France and Great Britain, the U.S. issued a proclamation in 1793 announcing the determination of the U.S. to remain neutral. In 1794, Congress passed a neutrality act that forbade Americans to participate in the war and prohibited the use of American land as a base of operations for either side. Even with these efforts, the French and British challenged American neutrality by seizing American ships and using American ports for warships. After Jay's and Pinckney's treaties of 1794 and 1795, American relations with Britain and Spain improved, but relations with France worsened. Attempting to reach a peaceful settlement, John Adams sent John Marshall, Charles Pinckney and Elbridge Gerry to negotiate with the French and this was the beginning of the XYZ Affair. The French demanded a loan and a bribe from the U.S.; Adams was outraged and urged readiness for war. Another war was sparked by the British impressment of American ships, for example the Chesapeake affair, which was when the British navy opened fire on the American frigate Chesapeake for refusing to be searched. Attempting to isolate itself from European involvement, the U.S. developed the Embargo Act of 1807, which prohibited American ships from leaving the U.S. for any foreign port. This Act caused depression and led to the Non-Intercourse Act and

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Approximate Word count = 968
Approximate Pages = 4 (250 words per page double spaced)