Romanticism
Romanticism was a movement in the arts that flourished in Europe and America between 1750 and 1870. It is a term that is loosely applied to the literary and artistic movements of the time. The term Romanticism was used in England in the 18th century and came to mean "Romantic-like" because it resembled medieval romances. The movement cannot be dated by one event in particular. People began to write, paint, compose, and build differently from the people before until all this activity could be identified as a movement. Characteristics of Romanticism include freedom of thought and expression, and imagination and idealization of nature. It tends to focus on the rights and privileges of the individual. Romanticism also provoked talk and writing on political issues and social causes as well. The French were the first to identify Romanticism with politics and art. I am going to discuss Romanticism focusing on the aspects of literature, art, and music. Before 1800 few writers thought of themselves or their contemporaries as romantic. The term had little to do with what today is called the English romantic movement. Because access to books by an expanded reading audience greatly increased in the late 18th
The roots of German romanticism lie in the Sturm and Drang, or Storm and Stress movement of the 1770s and 1780s. It included a group of young intellectuals such as Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, and J.G. von Herder. The revival of folk traditions, as important in painting and music as in literature, was exemplified in the ballads of G.A. Burger. Romanticism was never as recognizably a movement in the United States as it was in Europe. The reason was because of the Enlightenment philosophy that supported the founding of the United States. The closest the United States came to duplicating the Europeans was the New England Transcendentalism of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. Other American writers, such as Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Herman Melville, Edgar Alan Poe, and Walt Whitman, shared a belief in the importance of the creative imagination. They were all romantics in that limited sense. In music, romanticism is a term used to describe a broad range of works. It is characterized by an emphasis on emotion and great freedom of form. Long expressive melodies, emphasis on colorful harmony and instrumentation, and flexibility in rhythm and treatment of musical form are also characteristics of romanticism in music. Many 19th century composers took a deep interest in setting romantic poems to music and using romantic novels and dramas as the subject matter for operas and symphonic poems. Some of the many themes of romanticism in music are the cult of youth, individualism, intensity and extremes of feeling, love of nature, alienation, nationalism, and idealism. Some of the more noted composers of the romantic period include Beetho
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Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page double spaced)
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