Settlement of New England was financed in 1607 and established in November, 1620 (Plymouth) by "The Second Colony of Plymouth" (Marshall, 49; Tindall and Shi 65). "Once the ship came to rest, the passengers crowded on deck, and the religious among them knelt down and prayed to God for their deliverance" (Marshall 49, 52). They arrived safely. However, they were far from settled; the legal process in place for Virginia was not binding here, and these colonists had no law of their own for self-governance. Subsequently, those in charge, drew up the "Mayflower Compact" (Marshall 52). This compact created officers and affected their own legal process for self-governance (Marshall 52). Unlike the colonists in the South, the Pilgrims arrived during the winter, making it very difficult to cultivate the land around them, an

Marshall, Cyril Leek. The Mayflower Destiny. Pennsylvania: Stackpole Books, 1975.

In New England, the first settlement of homes were constructed of timber, probably split logs, and the cracks were filled with clay (Marshall 69). The earliest form of roofing material used by the Pilgrims was thatch (Marshall 69, 70; Tindall and Shi 130). Reeds and rushes were gathered from nearby swamps, bound into bundles, and fastened to the roof (Marshall 68). The thatch was piled layer upon layer until it was about one foot thick (Marshall 81). It can be said that these houses were of the simplest design; windows were filled with oiled linen in place of glass, which was too expensive and very difficult to obtain (Marshall 65; Tindall and Shi 130).

With the bulk of the early settlers living in villages and towns around the harbors, many New Englander's engaged in a form of trade or business (Marshall 170). Common pastureland and wood lots served the economic needs of townspeople who worked small farms nearby. Moreover, compactness made possible the village school, the village church and the village or town halls, where citizens met to discuss matters of common interest (Marshall 58). In addition, New England shippers soon discovered that rum and slaves were profitable commodities in the realm of economics. One of the most enterprising, if unsavory trading practices of the time, was the "triangular trade." Merchants and shippers would purchase slaves off the coast of Africa for New England rum, then sell the slaves in the West Indies where they would purchase molasses to bring home for resale to the local rum producers (Tindall and Shi 134).

Van Dusen, Albert. Connecticut. New York: Random House, 1961.

Additionally, in the Southern colonies, wealthy planters and merchants imported private tutors to teach their children. Others sent their children to school in England (Tindall and Shi 156). Having these other opportunities, the upper classes in the Tidewater were not interested in supporting public education. In addition, the diffusion of farms and plantations made the formation of community schools difficult (Rouse 107).

Charleston, South Carolina, became the leading port and trading center of the South. There, the settlers quickly learned to combine agriculture and commerce, and the marketplace became a major source of economic prosperity. Dense forests also brought revenue: lumber, tar and resin from the longleaf pine, which provided some of the best shipbuilding materials in the world (Tindall and Shi 116). Not bound to a single crop, as was Virginia, North and South Carolina also produced and exported furs, slaves, cattle and rice (Tindall and Shi 116).

Rouse, Parke. Virginia - The English Heritage in America. New York: Hastings House, 1966.

Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 2378
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page double spaced)