In 1912 an astronomer named Vesto Slipher noted in his observances that all the spiral galaxies that he observed had a red-shifted spectrum. Using an instrument that splits light waves into spectrums, he split the light waves from the galaxies. In this way he was able to measure if a galaxy is moving and if it is moving away or toward us. If a galaxy is moving toward us, the light waves will appear bluer (shorter wavelengths) and if they are moving away from us they will appear redder (longer wavelengths).

In the early twenties Edwin Hubble used the technology of wavelengths developed by Slipher and realized that there was a definite trend of the galaxies moving away from us at a velocity directly proportionate to their distance. This brought about the first evidence that we live in a constantly evolving universe. This was the first observational analys

Scientists needed and will continue to need technology to advance their understanding of nature of the universe. The nature of the universe being what matter universe is composed of as opposed to how it came to be. In the study of the origin of the universe how the universes were created is the main focus.

In the 1930's with the quantum theory firmly in place it seemed as though the study of matter was almost complete. It was accepted that protons, neutrons and electrons were the building blocks of all matter. A new technological advance changed this. The invention of the accelerator.

Some common words found in the essay are:
Edwin Hubble, Republic China, George Smoot, Nobel Prize, Vesto Slipher, , Robert Wilson, Ring York, George Zweig, Model Theory, protons neutrons, bang theory, matter universe, light waves, edwin hubble, particles called, charm quark, nature universe, discovered charm quark, hubble telescope, left bang,
Approximate Word count = 1468
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page double spaced)