Women composers had many barriers to pass in order to be able to use their skills and compose music and chants. One main obstacle blocking their way was the inability to learn and understand the art and sciences due to the lack of schooling. Education was vital for such musicians; especially that acceleration of specialization in western music broke many of the traditional links between women and music. The complexity required notation, sometimes separating the composer from those who p

Many of the women who performed polyphonic psalms, mass propers, and motets were nuns. Music functioned as the literal and symbolic projection of nuns' voices into the world of the urban patriciate whence they had come. In Federigo Borrowmeo's view, nuns represented "the most select portion of the flock of Christ," a special status of holy virgins consecrated to God. Their monasteries were characterized by several features that reinforced this idea. The most notable feature is the physical separation by means of a wall in the primary space for musical performance, the monastic church. The ritual space of female monastic choirs, thus distanced from the outside world, provided an earthly prefiguration of the heavenly Jerusalem in the eyes (and ears) of the holy father and many of his lay contemporaries.

[Christine]"My lady, since they [wo

Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 571
Approximate Pages = 2 (250 words per page double spaced)