But ultimately, Alinsky would suggest that such integrative efforts are counter-productive for a truly radical program to change society. Rather than encouraging minorities and other disenfranchised groups to become angry at a society that has ostracized them and made them feel like aliens simply because they look different or have different cultural practices, affirmative action instead encourages minorities to feel grateful to an oppressive culture and societal frameworks. Affirmative action encourages minorities, women, and ethnic groups from the American margins to accept the dominant capitalist paradigm, by

Of course, one cannot do this from within as easily-how can one criticize the president of Harvard, for example, even as a female professor of science or of African American studies, when the president is the leader of the institution responsible for one's paycheck and advancement? Thus, Saul Alinsky provides a powerful radical argument against the major goals of affirmative action. He suggests that the practice serves the elite, rather than radical aspirations, and reminds radicals of the old advice, "keep your friends close, and keep your enemies closer. Do not allow one's enemies to keep you close, Alinsky would counsel, suggesting that affirmative action is simply a way to keep the core enemies of corporate America and academia close to its heard, thus smothering radical collective actions on the part of the oppressed.

But by forcing American institutions to integrate through affirmative action programs, or by stressing affirmative action as the predominant road to success, in essence, oppressed groups force them to adopt a weak rather than a powerful ideological stance. They force themselves to enter into the game of playing the 'card' of the tragic and oppressed minority group. Thus a minority group deprives itself of the power of ridicule, especially against organizational leaders, another of Alinsky's so-called potent weapons of radical activists. According to Alinsky's principle of ridicule, against humor there is no defense on the part of the oppressor, because humor is irrational, infuriating, and also works as a key pressure point to force concessions. Thus, Black comedians like Richard Pryor who verbally challenge American stereotypes and stand outside the institutions of corporate production do more than, for example, Bill Cosby, who pays honor to the ideals of dominant American society, ideals of corporate success, hard work, and adhering to traditional career goals.

But worst of all, fun

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Approximate Word count = 1298
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page double spaced)