The theory behind Madison's Federalist Paper #51 is an acknowledgment that the "have-nots" in any society are extremely likely to seek retribution against the "haves," and, like Hamilton, believed class struggle is inseparable from politics. Positioning himself in this manner clearly shows that he had emancipated himself from the sterile dualistic view of society that was so common in the eighteenth century and that so obsessed Hamilton. However, wherein Hamilton viewed the shared spirit of the several states as poisonous to the union, Madison was aware that the preservation of state governments could serve the cause of both liberty and union and because of extreme vastness of the United States at that time this was the most steadf
In reviewing the #51 paper one can clearly see that Madison supports the partition of powers for each governmental department and expresses a firm belief that each department should have its own will and members within each department should be independent of other departmental members. Further, Madison felt, in order to avoid potential bias, members of one department should not be responsible for the appointment of members to another government department. In addition Madison clearly stresses that in framing the government the government need to control the governed and as well as control itself. The manner in which Madison envisioned the power of each government department was in assigning a certain amount of self-defense to each
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