Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder: A Brief Outlook Into the Symptoms and Treatment Methods Available
Attention deficit Hyperactivity disorder is a common neurobehavioral disorder identified among 4 to 8% of children. Though, primarily a childhood condition, the disorder may persist into adulthood. Statistics show that in around 60 to 80% of the children, symptoms of the disorder continue to persist in their adolescence. [Vincent Lanelli] Statistics also indicate that the disorder is more prevalent among boys than with girls with an approximately prevalence ratio of 3:1 (boys /girls). Three forms of the disease are identified among children namely the 'Predominantly inattentive type', 'Hyperactive type' and 'Combinational type'. Children with the hyperactive condition are fidgety and impulsive, exhibiting restless behavior. The predominantly inattentive type on the other hand, have difficulties in focusing on any task or absorbing things and have difficulties in carrying out even routine tasks. The combinational type, as the name suggests is a mixture of the symptoms of both the above types. Often other types of mental disorders also exist with ADHD. These concurrent conditions not only interfere with the diagnosis of ADHD, but also present additional problems for the patient. Let us have a brief outlook into the
The significant psychosocial dysfunction accompanying ADHD has serious implications for children as their educational performance is considerably affected. Hence proper diagnosis and appropriate medical intervention is crucial. It is also important for parents to be sufficiently trained to handle children with ADHD. Most children show considerable improvement with the use of appropriate dosage of stimulants. In general, a combination of drug therapy and behavioral therapy is found to be highly effective in the treatment of the disorder. The 'Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders' (DSM iv TR) in 2000 symptomatically classified the three different types of ADHD. According to the DSM classification, the symptoms of inattentive type include, 1) lack of attention and carelessness, 2) difficulties in grasping and following given instructions as evident from the failure to finish schoolwork's or other tasks. 3) Lack of involvement in tasks that demand attention, 4) Having difficulties in organizing oneself and of highly forgetful disposition. Some of the symptoms for hyperactive type include 1) Exhibiting fidgety behavior, 2) Being restless and inability to sit in a place for a long time, 3) garrulous and lack of composure, 4) lack of patience as witnessed by the inability to wait for the chance resulting in frequent interruption of others, etc. As per the DSM, if these symptoms are manifest in the child for a period not less than six months, then
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