Time-out procedures include isolation; exclusion; contingent observation; removal of the reinforcing stimulus conditions; and ignoring/extinction. Each has its advantages and disadvantages and optimal applications. Exclusion, isolation, and contingent observation are similar time-out practices because they all involve removing the child from the rest of the classroom or from the trigger situation. Exclusion entails placing the child in a separate corner in the same room, where he or she is unable to witness or participate in the
Non-exclusionary time-out tactics include ignoring and removing the stimulus. Non-exclusionary time-outs are less severe than those that remove the child. For example, teachers and peers will not offer any positive or negative reinforcement for the undesirable behavior; the child is summarily ignored with the goal of extinguishing the behavior. Alternatively, removing the reinforcing stimulus conditions involves removing any items that triggered the undesirable behavior. The advantages of these types of time-outs are that they d
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