Genes and Protein Interaction in Animal Development
In the article, Post-Starvation Gene Expression of Skeletal Muscle Uncoupling Protein 2 and Uncoupling Protein 3 in Response to Dietary Fat Levels and Fatty Acid Composition, published in the February 01, 1999 issue of Diabetes, Abdul G. Abdul presents studies that examine post-starvation gene transcription of muscle UCP2 and UCP3 during re feeding on diets varying in fat levels and fat types (Abdul). These studies "raise the possibility that high-fat induced upregulation of muscle UCP2 and UCP3 may be more closely linked to the development of insulin resistance rather than to changes in circulating FFAs" (Abdul). The studies also provide additional data that are at variance with a role for skeletal muscle UCP2 and UCP3 in dietary regulation of thermogenesis, "but remain consistent with the hypothesis that these UCP homologs may function as regulators of lipids as fuel substrate" (Abdul). UCP2 and UCP3 are two recently cloned genes with high sequence homology to the "gene for uncoupling protein (UCP)-I, which regulates thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue" (Abdul). The recent association, in obese and diabetic humans, between polymorphisms in UCP3 with marked reduction in basal lipid oxidation and not with differences in r
In the August 01, 2004 issue of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Ben Adler gives his perspective in an article titled Genomic-scale analysis of bacterial gene and protein expression in the host (Adler). Adler begins, "The developing complementary technologies of DNA microarrays and proteomics are allowing the response of bacterial pathogens to different environments to be probed at the whole genome level" (Adler). While using these technologies to analyze pathogens within a host is its initial stages, present studies suggest that these technologies will be valuable tools for understanding how the pathogen reacts to the in vivo microenvironment (Adler). It has been shown that some bacterial pathogens substantially "modify their surface components in response to the hose immune system and modify their energy metabolism and transport pathways to allow efficient growth within the host" (Adler). According to Adler, additional detailed analyses of these responses will increase understanding of the "molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, identify new bacterial virulence factors, and aid in the design of new vaccines" (Adler). Adler believes the new challenge may become the analysis of the large datasets that are generate
Some common words found in the essay are:
Jacob Friedman, UCP2 UCP3, Adler Adler, Adler Integrating, DNA Friedman, According Adler, Ben Adler, FFAs Abdul, Abdul Abdul, Acid Composition, ucp2 ucp3, gene expression, friedman study, chronic hyperglycemia, pepck gene, muscle ucp2 ucp3, abdul studies, pepck promoter, molecular mechanism, muscle ucp2, uncoupling protein, pepck gene expression, bacterial virulence factors, level pepck promoter, lipids fuel substrate,
Approximate Word count = 823
Approximate Pages = 3 (250 words per page double spaced)
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