Since the effective date of the Americans with Disabilities Act, the number of persons with disabilities who are employed or actively seeking work has declined (Harris 1995). Only 30.2 percent of men with a disability were employed or actively looking for work in 1994, down from 34 percent in 1992 (Harris 1995). Although the economic expansion during the 1990's was broad and deep, and reached Americans of all races, ethnicities, and income levels, for the nearly 10 percent of the working-age population with disabilities, strong economic growth during the 1990's did not produce higher rates of employment or rapid income gains (Houtenville 2000).

In the wake of the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990 and the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, a major shift occurred from welfare to work for single women with children, while the opposite was true for people with disabiliti

The Department of Education has deemed the findings by Burkhauser and his colleagues of such significance that it has funded a second center, the

Only those individuals who, with this level of assistance, are unable to be integrated into the workforce would become permanent SSI or SSDI recipients (Winter 2004).

This employment decline was the unintended consequence of a combination of policies that actually encouraged people with disabilities to leave the labor market and become SSDI and SSI beneficiaries, while at he same time, making it more costly for employers to hire them (Winter 2004). Burkhauser explained that it would be very difficult to make the case that the ADA increased employer demand for workers with disabilities, saying, the "bottom line is that the ADA has not been a panacea for all the problems of people with disabilities in the labor market...In fact, since its passage, the situation has become much worse" (Winter 2004). The most successful pro-work policy is the EITC, which provides income support only when a person is working (Winter 2004). According to Burkhauser, this is a perfect example of how to "provide incentives for people to enter the labor force even if they have low skills or if their disability prevents them from working full-time," because the program can be applied as easily to people with disabilities as it has been to single mothers (Winter 2004).

Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Disability Demographics and Statistics, which will become the nationwide clearinghouse for statistical information about people with disabilities (Winter 2004). Beginning with President Lyndon Johnson's war on poverty, the federal government has been tracking the poverty rates of vulnerable populations, including women, Americans over sixty-five years of age, and racial minorities, yet it has not yet tracked poverty rates among people with disabilities because it was considered too difficult to determine which individuals were part of this protected class (Winter 2004). However, the new center will provide statistics on the poverty rates of people with disabilities, both nationally and at state levels, and will also track employment rates and compare those rates with the economic wellbeing and employment rates of people without disabilities (Winter 2004). Thus, this data will point out discrepancies

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