2) Behavior modification, according to Skinner, is the shaping of behavior by means of either positive or negative stimulus. Skinner is against the concept of punishment as a means of behavior modification. This argument is based upon the fact that punishment encourages increasingly sophisticated means of avoiding the punishment rather than the behavior that punishment is meant to discourage. The point is that behavior is encouraged rather than discouraged. Skinner's behavior modification techniques are then meant to encourage rather than discourage. Positive stimulus would then entail rewards for good behavior, while these rewards would be withdrawn or withheld when the desired behavior is absent.

The reward system often manifests itself in Skinner's token economics system. This is a system often used in correctional institutions. Tokens are provided as rewards for desirable behavior according to certain rules explained to t

Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 633
Approximate Pages = 3 (250 words per page double spaced)