MARCUS GARVEY
"We declare to the world that Africa must be free, that the Negro race must be emancipated (p. 137 Altman, Susan. Extraordinary Black Americans.)" are the famous words delivered by Marcus Mosiah Garvey. Born a West Indian, he later became a powerful revolutionary who led the nation into the Civil Rights Movement. Garvey dedicated his life to the "uplifting" of the Negro and to millions of Black people everywhere, he represented dignity and self-respect. Like Malcolm X of a later generation, he believed that Negroes could never achieve equality unless they became independent-founding their own nations and governments, businesses and industrial enterprises, and their own military establishments which are the same institutions by which other peoples of the world have risen to power. Marcus Gravey was the eleventh child of Marcus and Sarah Gravey. He was born in 1887 in St. Ann's Bay, a rural town on the north coast of Jamaica in the British West Indies. Garvey learnd at a young age about the differences between the races. Being one of the few Blacks on the island, Garvey often played with the children of his white neighbors. The little girl who lived next to the Garvey's home informed Marcus that she was being sent away to school
Cronon, David E. Great Lives Observed (Marcus Garvey). Marcus Garvey returned to Jamaica in 1914 after finding no success in England. He founded the organization to which he was to devote his life, the Universal Negro Improvement and Conservation Association and African Communities League (UNIA), with the intention of making Africa "the defender of Negroes the world over. (p.110 Black Leaders of the Twentieth Century") c1989. Childrens Press: Chicago. pp. 137-138 c1971, Bellwether Publishing Company: New York. pp. 135-138 & 232 Marcus Garvey left on another world tour soon after his return to his homeland. Despite a of enthusiasm for his ideas, Garvey found himself plagued by an assortment of now familiar financial problems, including payment of back salaries to members of his former New York staff of the UNIA. As a result of judgments against him, the assets of the Jamaica branch of the UNIA were almost totally depleted. In August 1920, Garvey staged a month-long convention in Harlem, New York, featuring band, receptions, rallies, and parades. They presented a policy statement on the "Back to Africa" program, and proclaimed a formal "Declaration of Rights" for Negroes all over the world. Thousands attended from twenty-five countries and all forty-eight states. Before it ended, the delegates voted to create an African government with Marcus Garvey at its head and to organize the 400 million Black people of the world into a free republic of Africa. Marcus Garvey did more than talk. In 1918 he began publishing the Negro World, which soon became one of the most popular Black newspaper in the United States. He established the Black Star Line Steamship Company, the Negro Factories Corporation, the Black Cross Nurses, the African Legion, and the Black Eagle Flying Corps. Within two years, he raised more than ten million dollars. He formulated what he called the "Back to Africa" program for the resettlement of the Negro in his ancestral homeland. c1973, Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs.
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Approximate Word count = 1358
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page double spaced)
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