Margaret Sanger
Margaret Sanger founded a movement in this country that would institute such a change in the course of our biological history that it is still debated today. Described by some as a "radiant rebel", Sanger pioneered the birth control movement in the United States at a time when Victorian hypocrisy and oppression through moral standards were at their highest. Working her way up from a nurse in New York's poor Lower East Side to the head of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Margaret Sanger was unwavering in her dedication to the movement that would eventually result in lower infant mortality rates and better living conditions for the impoverished. But, because of the way that her political strategy changed and evolved, Margaret Sanger is seen by some as a hypocrite; a rags to riches story that involves a complete withdrawal from her commitment to the poorer classes. My research indicates that this is not the case; in fact, by all accounts Margaret Sanger was a brave crusader who recognized freedom and choice in a woman's reproductive life as vital to the issue of the liberation of women as a gender. Moreover, after years of being blocked by opposition, Sanger also recognized the ne
To further her cause, Margaret next set out on a whirlwind speaking tour of the United States. From Pittsburgh to Portland, Margaret would speak to packed halls (when they were not locked and barred against her) and in her wake she left hundreds of local birth control leagues. It was Margaret's premise that "the first right of every child is to be wanted, to be desired, to be planned with an intensity of love that gives it's title to being..."(Miller 218). After the tour, back at her apartment, Margaret, who was both physically and emotionally exhausted from the tour, found that there would be no rest for her; women would knock on her door at all hours of the morning on their way to work, her mailbox was always jammed to capacity with letters from women begging for information, her phone rang constantly. Margaret knew what she had to do and when a $50 donation came in the mail to her, she felt it was enough to start with (Douglas 103). On Sunday, November 12, 1912 the column "What Every Girl Should Know" appeared in the socialist newspaper The Call. The article was the first of what was intended to be a series of articles for adolescent girls that focused on educating and shifting their attitudes on sex. The column did not run for very long. This was to be Margaret Sanger's first run-in with the Comstock laws. It became apparent to Margaret that the movement would go no further if it depended on what happened in Washington D.C., and so, when a package from Japan containing contraceptives was confiscated and not delivered to her, she saw another golden opportunity. Margaret quickly wrote to Japan and had another package with the same contents mailed to the head physician of her Clinical Research Bureau, Dr. Stone. The package was again confiscated and Margaret knew that her showdown with the Comstock Laws had finally come. She and Dr. Stone took the matter to court in December of 1935; their attorney argued "The government cannot prevent contraceptive material from being mailed to a physician, even from a foreign country, when it is to be used to safeguard the life and health of mothers and children" (Miller 237). The court ordered the package delivered. The government appealed, but lost. In January of 1937, it was announced by the Supreme Court that the government would not challenge the second ruling. In a case that came to be known as U.S. v. One Package, Margaret and her birth control movement had their long awaited day in court and won. With this decision, the Comstock law lost a great deal of footing in the federal arena, so much so that the National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control disbanded, considering itself no longer necessary. The difference between the world where she worked and the world where she lived astounded Margaret. At home, Bill would host dinner parties for prominent socialists and radicals; in this he was much like her father. Margaret once pointed out to them, "Poverty and large families seem to go and in hand. If unions are fighting for better wages and hours, they should be equally concerned with the size of the workingman's family"(Miller, p.209). It was then that she realized that neither the suffragettes who demanded votes for women, nor the radical socialists who wanted to strike for better labor conditions recognized that the real issue for women was childbearing and that until women could control that, they would not be free (Miller 209). One night, in the summer of 1912, the troubling connections between pregnancy and illness, poverty and large families became all too evident for Margaret to muse over any longer. That night she was called to the tenement home of Sophie Sachs, a woman in her 20's who had tried to abort herself. The scene was awful; Jake, Sophie's husband, sat crying nearby and Sophie herself could barely sit up. Sophie was informed that another child would kill her. Upon crying out to the doctor for advice on what to do to prevent
Some common words found in the essay are:
Margaret Sanger, Control League, Woman Rebel, Massachusetts Connecticut, Anne Higgins, Bureau Miller, East York, Portland Margaret, League Margaret's, Comstock Douglas, birth control, margaret sanger, comstock laws, birth control movement, control movement, woman rebel, research bureau, clinical research bureau, margaret sanger's, anne higgins, control league, clinical research, birth control league, american birth control, planned parenthood federation,
Approximate Word count = 5255
Approximate Pages = 21 (250 words per page double spaced)
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