Hollister Gardner is a student from West Texas's Tulia High School. He maintained an "A" average while serving as president of the National Honor Society, drum major in band and treasurer of Future Farmers of America. Gardner rebelled last year when he was informed that in order to keep participating in these extra-curricular activities that he would have to pass a drug test. Having never been involved with drugs, he was jaded at the implication that he was guilty until proven innocent. Gardner believed that the fourth amendment of the Bill of Rights protects United States citizens from such warrentless searches without reasonable suspicion.

Gardner never signed his release form and whe

An intrusion upheld by the Supreme Court was that of random urinalysis of student athletes. The case came to the supreme court after a seventh-grade football player from Vernonia, Oregon named James Acton and his parents refused to sign the school districts drug testing consent form and young James was not allowed to participate. The drug testing policy arose from the school's officials belief that disruptive behavior within the school was caused by drug use, and that the student athletes not only used drugs, but were also "the leaders of the drug culture".

Critics of drug testing in the work place argue vehemently that drug testing does not test one's current fitness for duty, especially in the case of marijuana, which can show up in the urine for up to 70 days after consumption, long after the effects of the drug have worn off. Meanwhile, alcohol and other drugs are washed out of the system within a few hours, and cocaine does not show up immediately after being ingested. Also, most urinalysis does not check for alcohol levels.

n the school notified him that he could no longer participate in after-school activities, he sued the Tulia Independent School District. Representing himself in federal court, Gardner argued the school board's drug-testing policy is unconstitutional. "The school district can't test just because they feel like testing," he said. "People fought and died for these rights, and they are not to be given up to the Tulia School Board just because they think they can take them from you."

Then during a lockdown on April 4, 1996 police say they found a partially smoked marijuana cigarette in Hearn's car, which had its windows rolled down and doors unlocked. Police refused to show her the evidence, claiming it had been accidentally destroyed. The search of her car with out her permission violated the written school policy, but that did not concern the administration. Hearn refused to report for a urine test within two hours as she was trying to secure legal representation. Despite a negative drug test the next day, she was suspended and eventually fired for what the

Some common words found in the essay are:
Chatham County's, James Acton's, NORML Foundation, Supreme Court, School Board, Day O'Connor, James Acton, PERSONAL FREEDOMS, Hale School, District Representing, drug testing, supreme court, fourth amendment, public safety, drug probe, fellow students, urine testing, tulia school, consent form, impairment testing,
Approximate Word count = 1424
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page double spaced)