He was born on March 3,1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland. His father, Alexander Melville Bell, taught deaf mutes to speak, wrote textbooks on correct speech. His father was the inventor of "visible speech", a code that indicated the position and action of the throat, tongue, and lips in uttering various sounds. The "visible speech" symbols helped to teach the deaf how to "speak". Alexander's mother, Eliza Grace Symonds, was an accomplished musician and portrait painter. When Graham was around twelve his mother began to lose her ability to hear. Graham became an expert in "Visible Speech" so he could help his mother and his father with teaching people.

Alexander and his two brothers helped their father give public demonstrations of "visible speech", in 1862. Around the same time, Graham applied for a job as a student teacher at Weston House, an all boys' school near Edinburgh. He taught music and

In 1866, he carried out a series of experiments to determine how vowel sounds are spoken. Graham read a book on acoustics by the German physicist Hermann Von Helmholtz. The book described experiments in combining the notes of electrically driven tuning forks to make vowel sounds.

Bell demonstrated his telephones at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. Graham and Watson performed many successful demonstrations and were given great honor for their invention. However, Bell did not take an active part in the telephone business. Sometimes Bell was called into court to testify against those who claimed they had invented the telephone. In all cases, the court denied their claim.

In 1871, the principal for the school of the deaf in Boston, Sarah Fuller, asked his father to teach "Visible Speech" to her teachers. When his father was unable to do so, Graham taught them. In 1872, he opened a school for the teachers of the deaf. The following year Graham became a professor at Boston University.

While working in Boston, Graham made many new friends. One of his friends was an attorney named Gardiner Green Hubbard. Hubbard's daughter, Mabel, had been left deaf by scarlet fever. Hubbard was a critic of Western Union, a telegraph service, so when he found out that Graham was secretly working on improvements to the telegraph, he immediately offered him financial support. He hoped to create an alternative for the telegraph service. With Hubbard's financial backing, Graham established a lab to carry out his research.

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