being genetically identical to another plant or animal. There are two procedures that can be called "cloning:" embryo cloning and adult DNA cloning. Embryo cloning is also known as "artificial twinning." This form of cloning has been used by animal breeders since the late 1980s and in mice experiments since the late 1970s ("Human Cloning" 1). The procedure consists of splitting a single fertilized ovum into two or more clones and then transplanting them into other females. This process has not been used to clone human embryos due to the Regan and Bush administrations that banned the public funding of human embryo and fetal research during most of the 1980s and early 1990s. The ban was finally lifted under Clinton's presidency. After this ban was removed, the first known human embryo cloning was done under the supervision of Robert J. Stillman at the George Washington Medical Center in Washington DC. They used seventeen flawed human embryos. They all had been fertilized by two sperm and had an extra set of chromosomes. The embryos would never have developed into fetuses. In October 1994, the embryos were successfully split ("Human Cloning" 1). This experiment began the public controversy over the ethics of cloning. The government now had to set guidelines. They included the use only of embryos that had already been created for the use of in vitro fertilization, because many of these are either thrown out or frozen. Other procedures were banned, such as implanting the human embryos in other species and cloned embryos into humans, moving the nucleus from one embryo to another, and the use of embryos for sex selection. The first documented case of successful adult DNA cloning was the "Dolly" case. Adult DNA cloning, in the case of "Dolly," started when a cell was taken from the mammary tissue of a adult sheep. It was then fused with an ovum after the nucleus had been removed. To start the developing, the egg was shocked with an electric pulse. 29 out of 277 of these special eggs began to divide. They were all implanted in sheep, but only 13 became pregnant and only one lamb, "Dolly," was born. Animals that have been cloned run the risk of being infertile and having a lower life expectancy. Although "Dolly" has been the most publicized animal that has been successfully cloned. There have been other attempts. A monkey has been cloned and many embryos have been made of a cow, but none have survived ("Can we Clone" 1). The monkey has been the closest animal to the human to be cloned. This makes the issue of successful human cloning more realistic. But will it's uses be ethical? Simply put, human cloning is "playing God." Manufacturing will

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Approximate Word count = 1787
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page double spaced)