The GATT was created through several negotiationscrash in October 1929 marked the beginning of the Great Depression. This was a difficult economic period for the United States and many other countries. Unemployment increased and the economic security of many people was threatened. In the years following the stock market crash, thousands of banks closed and many Americans lost their savings and became homeless. They needed some sort of government intervention to assist them. In the election of 1932, Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt campaigned on promises of a new deal for the American people. In his first inaugural address he declared, "...in the event that Congress shall fail to take these courses and in the event that the national emergency is still criti

John Stuart Mill was one of the most influential political thinkers of the mid-Victorian period. He began studying economics at age 13 and believed in empiricism and utilitarianism. Empiricism is the belief that legitimate knowledge comes only from experience and utilitarianism is the belief by which things are judged right or wrong. It is judged according to their consequences. In a way he was a hypocrite. When the economy was good he believed in Laisezz-Faire, which means "hands off." If the economy was bad, though, he believed in an extended role of government. This simply meant that the government should take part in the economy and try to make it better. The New Deal was a very active government plan because it had the government working directly to make jobs and fix the economy. Mill died in 1873 and would never have a chance to talk to Franklin D. Roosevelt in person, however, that would never have prevented his ideas and theories to influence Roosevelt and his New Deal. In a press conference, Franklin D. Roosevelt once said, "I brought down several books by English economists and leading American economists, I suppose I must have read different articles by fifteen different experts." This writing indirectly steered Roosevelt towards a plan which expanded the role of government. Mill gave Franklin D. Roosevelt the basis of the plan, but it needed to be elaborated on. John Maynard Keynes was the man to do this. Although Mill did not directly influence FDR, his philosophies were clearly present in Franklin D. Roosevelt's plan.

Therefore, it is clear that Franklin D. Roosevelt took the philosophies of these two men and created the New Deal, which eventually brought the United States out of the Great Depression. John Stuart Mill gave Franklin D. Roosevelt the idea of an active government and John Maynard Keynes showed him how to do it. Although Franklin D. Roosevelt never really liked economists it appears that the work of many economists showed up in his New Deal.

Schlesinger, Arthur M. The Politics of Upheaval. New York: Houghton Publishing, 1988.

Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 1999; New Deal. Microsoft Corporation. 1998.

Some common words found in the essay are:
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