A heart murmur is a sound caused by blood flowing through a child's heart or through blood vessels entering or leaving the heart. More that 50 percent of all people will be diagnosed with a heart murmur sometime in their lives. When a child's doctor or nurse practitioner detects a heart murmur, this causes many parents quite a bit of anxiety, especially if they have relatives with heart disease. Luckily, in most children a heart murmur does not mean that there is something wrong with the heart. In fact, only one in 100 children who have a heart murmur will actually have heart disease. Murmurs that are not associated with heart disease are referred to as innocent murmurs. Most children diagnosed with a heart murmur have innocent murmurs. There are several different types of innocent murmurs. In the newborn and infancy period, a common innocent murmur heard is called pulmonary flow murmur. This is caused by the flow of blood through the pulmonary artery, which takes blood to the lungs. The arteries are still slightly narrow, and, therefore, blood flow through them will cause a murmur. As the baby grows, the murmur will become softer and many times disappear altogether. Another common

Atherosclerosis affects large and medium-sized arteries. The type of artery and where the plaque develops varies with each person. Atherosclerosis is a slow, progressive disease that may start in childhood. In some people, this disease progresses rapidly in their third decade--in others it doesn't become threatening until they're in their fifties or sixties.

The most common form of heart disease is Atherosclerosis, also known as coronary heart disease or hardening of the arteries. It involves deposits of fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste products, calcium and fibrin (a clotting material in the blood) in the inner lining of an artery. The build-up that results, called plaque, may partially or totally block the blood's flow through the artery. This can lead to bleeding (hemorrhage) into the plaque or formation of a blood clot (thrombus) on the plaque's surface. If either of these occurs and blocks the entire artery, a heart attack or stroke (brain attack) may result.

Heart failure is the most common reason for hospitalization in the United States today. Population-based studies estimate that heart failure affects over three million Americans; more than 400,000 new cases are diagnosed annually. Sometimes the cause stems from a virus which attacks the heart muscle, sometimes as an afte

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