Family Therapy Another favorable form of treatment for individuals suffering from schizophrenia involves family therapy. Individuals who have been institutionalized for schizophrenia are often released back into their family homes. However, evidence has found that if these families show high levels of expressed emotions such as; hostility, hypercritical comments and overprotective behaviour, the chances of relapse and re-hospitalization are high (Davison & Neale, 1998). Therefore, family therapy focuses on reducing the level of expressed emotions in the family through cognitive and behaviour therapy. As well, family members are taught to lower their expectations for the member with schizophrenia to reduce criticism and help the patient remain on their drug therapies.

Studies have shown that the families of patients who received family therapy produced lower rates of re-hospitalization, but only on a short-term basis. Over the long run, it was shown that there was no significant difference in the rates of re-hospitalization between the patients who received family therapy and the one's who did not (Davison & Neale, 1998). The delay of re-hospitalization is a benefit for many individuals, but the patients never become fully functioning members of society despite family therapy.

Behaviour Therapy Behaviour therapy is method that has shown good results by helping individuals suffering from schizophrenia learn how to function as members of society. This type of therapy works on the principle that most drug regimes help with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia but not the negative symptoms, therefore, behaviour therapy helps teach the individuals social skills. The limitation to this type of techniques is that it is bound by the cognitive skills of the individuals. Any cognitive deficits may limit the patient's improvement (Davison & Neale, 1998). One type of behavioural therapy shown to elicit marked improvements is known as the token economy therapy. The token economy system works on the principle where individuals are given tokens when desired behaviour is performed and these tokens can later be traded for wanted items or activities (Davison & Neale, 1998). Studies have shown that schizophrenic patients treated with the token economy have shown marked improvement, improving their re-entrance into society and in some cases reducing their medication dosages (Davison & Neale, 1998). However, it was noted that success in this program is not a cure, many of the individuals still displayed abnormal behaviour and were not functioning members of society. In all the treatment therapies mentioned, the patients are primarily treated with medications. The behavioural and family therapies are a means of supplementing drug therapy to help re-integrate schizophrenic individuals into society through the development of social skills. By re-integrating the individuals back into society, the probability that the patients adhere to their drug therapies increases. Nonetheless, it is important to note that drug therapy is the backbone of treatment for schizophrenic patients, hence, it is the most widespread treatment regime used and one of the most important to understand. Drug Therapy The problems with treatment programs for schizophrenic's is that they suffer from both positive and negative symptoms, each requiring different type of treatments. Excesses of dopamine in the brain seem to be relate

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