The word surgery comes from a Greek word meaning, working by hand. The first surgeon's tool is believed to be piece of flint. Some skeletons that have been found reveal an ancient surgical practice know as trephining. This operation involved making a small hole in a patients head in order to release evil spirits that were believed to be the cause for many ailments. It was also used to treat headaches. One of the first surgery's that is known is believed to be circumcisions. Which was often performed in religious rites.

Surgery was also done bringing great pain to patients. The mid 1800's gave way to the use of anesthetics. Among the first anesthetics were chloroform and diethyl ether. Anesthetics are used to block pain from the patient. They are usually injected near the point of surgery. Today we have anesthetics such as the gases nitrous oxide and halothane These are used to put the patient to sleep. Local anesthetics, such as procaine or lidocaine, affect only the area near the place of injection. These anesthetics are used to block nerve impulses. Acupuncture is another form of anesthesia which has been used in China. Acupuncture is a Chinese method of relieving pain by inserting needles into specific places on the body. According to Chinese philosophy, acupuncture influences a life force that flows along 12 paired and 2 unpaired channels of energy that run through the body. By inserting the needles it is believed that pain can be blocked from entering the brain. The form of anesthetics is still practiced within China.

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