Uranium the 92nd element and a member of Group 3b in the periodic table. Its atomic weight is 238.029. Its name and chemical symbol, U, are derived from Uranus, because that planet was discovered a few years before the discovery of the element. A compound of uranium (uranium oxide) was discovered in a uranium ore, pitchblende, by German chemist M. H. Klaproth in 1789. The German thought that he had found a new element. This was not achieved until 1841, when the French chemist E. M. Peligot reduced uranium tetrachloride with potassium in a platinum crucible to obtain elementary uranium. It was in uranium containing crystals that the French physicist A. H. Becquerel discovered radioactivity in 1896.
Uranium is not as rare as was once believed. Widely distributed in the Earth's
Uranium is a strongly electropositive element. This means that it is easily oxidized. In massive form the metal burns in air at 700c (1,292f). In finely divided form it is pyrophoric that is, it ignites spontaneously in air.
Approximately 90% of the remaining uranium minerals are uranyl compounds. No deposits of concentrated uranium ore have been discovered. As a result uranium must be extracted form ores containing less than 0.1% uranium, so that substantial, complex processing of the ores is required. Usually it is necessary to preconcentrate the ore by grinding and by the flotation process or similar processes.
When exposed to oxidizing conditions near or at the Earth's surface, most of the time uranium minerals are readily oxidized. Large deposits of this type, whic
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