Around 1000 BC, the Phoenicians began to use North Africa as a trade route from Syria to Span. They build settlements coastal settlements for their shits to rest at. The Phoenicians has no interest in Africa as a resource; however, the Africans are amazed by the ports, and start trading wheat with the Phoenicians.

By the sixth century BC, the Greeks start to settle on Sicily Island, and attempts push the Phoenicians southward. The Phoenicians start to struggle with Greek for hundred years. In the end, the Greeks won, and the Phoenicians begins exploring Africa, while trying to look a place for new resources. They build Carthage. Soon, the Carthaginians builds a strong country, using farming as resources, and Africans as army.

By the third century BC, Carthage had become such a great power, that Roman was both jealous and fear of it. In 264BC, a series of Punic War happened between Roman

In 60 BC the first triumvirate of Rome was formed between Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus. Pompey recieved control of Africa, and the Numidian king of the time, Juba I, was his supporter. When the triumvirate dissolved in 53 BC, Juba I continued to defend Africa against the forces of Caesar. This resistance was not long lived, however, and by 46 BC, Caesar had defeated the Pompean loyalists. As a sign of victory, Caesar had Juba's young son, Juba II, taken to Rome to be brought up in his household.

The ancient Africa separates into three countries: Libya, Tunisia, and Algeria.

Oliver, Roland. A Short History of Africa. Baltimore. Penguin Books Ltd. 1968.

Millar, Fergus, ed. The Roman Empire and Its Neighbors. New York: Dell, 1967.

During the reign of Diocletian, in the late third and early fourth centuries, the olive fields were being taxed heavily, and the landowners depends on the peasants to work harder to pay the taxes.

The first major Romanization shows in an inscription from 88 AD, which shows the membership of a training hall. None listed were yet Roman citizens, but their names are listed personal name, which is in Latin, and father's name, in Punic or Numidian. The inscriptions show a strong Roman influence in African culture. Romanization was rapid after that, with Punic names dying out among leading citizens by the end of the first century AD.

Unlike many other Roman provinces, Africa has no official date in which it fell out of Roman hands. Instead, we see the decline of Rome itself. Some scholars suggest that Rome's losing Africa, its greatest food resource, was a key factor in its fall.

In the mid second century AD, Rome's growing population had an growing need for olive oil, which was used for cooking, lighting, and perfume. The olive tree, requiring little water and able to grow in almost infertile land, was soon become Africa's second largest production.

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Approximate Word count = 1545
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page double spaced)