French history is littered with revolutions. The French revolution of 1789 began this way of life in France, where change is brought about through revolution. From

Tocqueville sees this animosity as a major obstacle to the July Monarchy ever gaining its legitimacy, and thus being able to hold onto power. The July Monarchy replaced a system, a royal monarchy, which by its very nature excluded people from participating in political life. Instead it ushered in a constitutional monarchy, and developed a constitution where hopefully a basis and a foundation would have been provided for a government that was more inclusive to the people. Tocqueville doesn't see the new constitution as acting this way. One was drawn up that did do what the main intention was, that is to defeat the aristocracy's hold on power. Yet in its stead it placed a class of people who had equally little regard for the French people as a whole, s the aristocracy had. It replaced one person at the top, with many, but both systems proved to lack the intention of looking out for the French citiznizry in Tocqueville's mind. A government cannot function well; neither keep its' legitimacy long, if the people are not being heard. Tocqueville sees this as the case with the July Monarchy. He saw a parliament develop that was without political opposition within it. He calls this new way of political life, a "lack of political life." He writes:

Tocqueville sees the public as believing the rulers are "incapable and unworthy to rule them." He says all of this, as a prediction of what will actually occur a full year later. These statements he makes, are his way of warning parliament, warning them that society must be included in the government. He plainly sees that another revolution is beginning to take shape, and warns against these signs not being paid attention to. He points to previous fallen monarchies in French history, all of which have fallen because the rulers have become incapable of ruling.

1789, until after WWII, revolutions were the norm, occurring almost with certain regularity every generation or so. The people didn't know how to create change any other way. Peaceful change was so foreign to them that they often never even considered it. These, often very violent, revolutions toppled one type of political system and replaced it with another kind, often very different from that which was just toppled. Each of these new systems were equally deficient at gaining legitimacy in the eyes of the people, and thus they all fell victim to a revolution at one time or another. The people didn't understand what peaceful change was, and during this time revolution was seen as the only way of enacting change. Tocqueville believes to be true, and he writes: "our history from 1789 to 1830 appears to be forty-one years of deadly struggle between the Ancien regime with its traditions, memories, hopes and men, and the new France led by the middle class." Tocqueville, upon first reflecting upon the events of the July revolution, the one that ushered in this monarchy about which he writes, felt that this revolution may have forever put an end to the eternal struggle he just mentioned. The July Revolution toppled the Restoration Monarchy, which had been in power for the last fifteen

Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 2103
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page double spaced)