BIBLIOGRAPHYThompson,Oscar. International Cyclopedia of Music and Musicians, Harcourt Brace,1985.Thornburgh, Elaine 1999. Renaissance Music, http://trumpet.sdsu.edu/Thornburgh, Elaine 1999. Baroque Music, http://trumpet.sdsu.edu/Yudkin, Jeremy. Understanding Music . New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1996.

Finally, the era of Baroque music was an age of spectacular progress of knowledge. It was the age of scientific breakthroughs of Galileo and Newton, the mathematical advances of Descartes, Newton and Leibnitz. There was a new and vibrant intellectual, artistic and social atmosphere, which in many ways signaled the birth of modern Europe. The Baroque composer thought of himself as a craftsman rather than as an artist. A great deal of Baroque music was written on demand for specific occasions, and "musical scores were often treated with the care that one would accord to yesterday's newspaper." Despite this disregard for posterity by many Baroque musicians, music listeners still believe this era of music to be a magnificent body of work. In the baroque era, the greatest number of musicians and artists flourished under the patronage of the church, the state or the aristocracy. Examples of Baroque expression can be seen in the luxuriant music of Antonio Vivaldi. The piece "The Four seasons" by Vivaldi does not actually contain any text. Hence, when listening to the piece you will not hear a performer singing lyrics. (u already mentioned no text) Rather, Vivaldi wrote lines from the poem directly into the musical score. This enabled the performers to understand the meaning behind the notes and to contribute their interpretation of the poem into the music they performed. In this era, the setting of text to music helped depict the meaning of the text. The piece starts off with a welcoming and cheerful presence. This melody is reflected in the line, "spring has arrived, and full of joy." This is followed by a sudden shift to three violins solo, which play a set of trills that enables the listener to visual the "birds greet it with their happy songs." In true ritornello form, the section is followed by a segment of tutti. The tutti section contains the climax of the poem "Covering the sky with a black cloak, a thunder and lightning come to announce the season." Vivaldi is masterful here with his word painting technique; he uses the ripieao in the back ground to build up a sense of dread and climatic turmoil. Immediately following the ripieao, the soloist (a group of violins, who play fast repeated notes in flashing and darting passages) re-enter to heighten the sensation that something dreadful is approaching. The music returns to a calmer state when the lightning and thunder pass, which is depicted in the music of a softer violin solo (Vivaldi no longer uses flashing and darting runs), and a more pleasant melody. By examining the first movement of "the Four Seasons," "Spring," it is evident that Vivald

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