Schubert, Strauss and Verdi
Influenced by the literature and painting of the era, 19th-century music was, marked by intensely personal expressions of emotion. In order to state their individuality with greater freedom, composers disregarded the limits of set forms. They enjoyed writing music that was more pictorial than earlier works and often attempted to imitate nature. The new compositions often lacked the cheerfulness of the classical era. In the search for self-expression, composers of the Romantic period were aroused with a serious concern for detail. Great composers of the age were Franz Schubert, Richard Strauss and Giuseppe Verdi. Franz Schubert was one of the originators of the Romantic style. The Viennese composer was also the greatest of the postclassicists. He served as a bridge between the two eras. He turned poems into music easily. He wrote eight songs in one day, 146 in a single year, more than 600 in his lifetime. His compositions brought the art of German songwriting to its peak. Franz Peter Schubert was born in Himmelpfortgrund, near Vienna, Austria, on Jan. 31, 1797. His father was head of the parish school. Young Schubert learned to play the piano, violin, and viola, and he played the viola in the family string quartet. At the
Among Schubert's best-known songs are 'The Erl King', 'The Wanderer', 'The Double', 'Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel', 'Sylvia', and the song cycles 'The Miller's Beautiful Daughter' and 'The Winter Journey'. He left many incomplete works. His chamber music includes 16 string quartets, and the well-known 'Trout Quintet' for violin, viola, cello, double bass, and piano, and the 'String Quintet in C Major'. He also wrote many piano works, including about 20 sonatas. However, all this incredible work and effort was left behind. Franz Schubert died in Vienna of typhus on Nov. 19, 1828. He was only 31. Schubert was always poor. He applied twice without success for a position as an orchestral conductor. He wrote several operas in an effort to earn money, but they were never performed. In 1828 his friends arranged a benefit concert of his works. One of the leading composers of Italian operas in the 19th century was Giuseppe Verdi. He was born on Oct. 10, 1813, in Le Roncole, a village near Parma in northern Italy's Po River valley. The child of a poor family, Verdi showed unusual musical talent at an early age. A local amateur musician named Antonio Barezzi helped him with his education. At Barezzi's expense he was sent to Milan when he was 18. He stayed there for three years, then served as musical director in Busseto for two years before returning to Milan. By 1840, just as he had established a reputation and begun to make money, he was discouraged by personal tragedies. Within a three-year period his wife and both of hi
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