Animal cloning at a glance
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF GENETIC TECHNOLOGY Genetic Engineering is the process of directly altering an organism's DNA. Scientists have been directly working with DNA since the 1950's. Or so I'm led to believe. However the most important discoveries in the field of genetic engineering have been made in the past 24 years. Genetic engineering is now used to alter the DNA of plants, animals and bacteria. Some ways biologists are able to manipulate DNA are: through using restriction enzymes to stop DNA sequencing, using DNA combination to combine different types of DNA, using DNA insertion to later be able to manipulate growth of recombinant DNA, and using DNA sequencing to find out the order of enzymes in the DNA. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ANIMAL CLONING AND HOW IT IS USED The general process of animal cloning involves taking an unfertilized egg, or oocyte, and swapping the nucleus of the oocyte with a different quiescent nucleus from another animal. The process of "swapping" Nuclei is called Nuclear Transfer. Once the new nucleus is in place, it is fused to the cytoplasm. Then the oocyte is ready to be fertilized. Once the egg is fertilized it is placed in an environment where the cells can divide and grow. And
BRIEF HISTORY HISTORY OF ANIMAL CLONING Cloning was first reported in the early 1950's. Throughout the 50's and 60's scientists were busy using Nuclear Transfer to clone amphibians. Most of these experiments went nowhere because the cloned amphibians were cloned with nuclei from cells that were actively dividing. This resulted in things like cloned frogs that never made it passed the tadpole stage. In the 1970's animal cloning was first attempted. Mice, sheep and cattle were the prime targets of 70's genetic cloning, or more like cloning research. By the mid 1980's scientists had cloned sheep and cattle by using nuclei from embryos, proving that animal cloning was, at least, possible. In 1995 scientists Campbell and Wilmut created two live lambs. They were cloned using quiescencial cells. This is when it was discovered that this kind of cell was best for cloning because it wasn't in any stage of cell division. Most recently, in 1997, the world famous Dolly was cloned from an adult ewe's cell. Cloning technology is moving forward at an accelerated rate. We may even see human clones in the next twenty years, but we may not.(If only because of moral issues.) HOW ANIMAL CLONING MAY AFFECT HUMANS Imagine you have cancer o
Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 824
Approximate Pages = 3 (250 words per page double spaced)
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