ATP Production
Metabolism, which encompasses glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle, and the electron transport system, occurs in the mitochondria of cells. The mitochondria consist of a double membrane and an inner compartmentalization called the matrix. Each of the processes of metabolism occurs in specific locations in and around the mitochondria. The process of glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm just outside the outer membrane of the mitochondria. The Kreb's cycle occurs within the matrix and the electron transport system in the convoluted inner membrane called the cristae. When considering the location and process of the electron transport system, you would observe that all of the components (enzymes/proteins) necessary for this process are contained with the cristae membrane. When trying to define a starting point concerning the production of ATP, you could consider glycolysis. Glycolysis basically provides the components which will ultimately drive the process involved in ATP production. Glycolysis yields two three-carbon compounds called pyruvate from one glucose molecule. Pyruvate plays a crucial role in the Kreb's cycle. Glycolysis also yields a number of Hydrogen ions and electrons, which will be used in the elec
Before the pyruvate molecules can be used in the Kreb cycle, they must be converted to Acetyl CoEnzyme A (Acetyl CoA). This occurs during the intermediate step. CoEnzyme A is introduced to the two pyruvate molecules from glycolysis. An NAD+ picks up a hydrogen ion from both the CoEnzyme A and the pyruvate. CoEnzyme A reacts with the pyruvate releasing carbon dioxide and yields Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA will now enter the Kreb's cycle within the matrix. tron transport system. Glycolysis also yields a net production of two ATP. Acetyl CoA starts the Kreb's cycle by catalyzing a reaction between the Acetyl portion of Acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate. This yields a six-carbon compound called citrate or citric acid. Next, a water molecule is released from the citrate causing a change in the structure. The water is then added back on to the citrate, forming an isomer of citrate called isocitrate. A molecule of CO2 is released and transferred to the lungs for export, while NAD+ picks up the hydrogen ions and the electrons and transports them to the electron transport system. The enzyme alpha-ketoglutarate now enters the cycle causing the last of the two CO2 molecules removed in the Kreb's cycle. NAD+ again picks up any hydrogen ions and electrons and transports them to the ETS. The new product, succinyl, is picked up by CoEnzyme A while an inorganic
Some common words found in the essay are:
GTP GDP, Production Metabolism, Acetyl CoA, A3 A3, kreb's cycle, GTP ADP, hydrogen ions, C1 C1, transport system, electron transport, acetyl coa, electron transport system, hydrogen ions electrons, inorganic phosphate, electron citochrome, glycolysis yields, glucose molecule, picks hydrogen, nad+ picks hydrogen, removes hydrogen ions, kreb's cycle glycolysis,
Approximate Word count = 917
Approximate Pages = 4 (250 words per page double spaced)
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